{"id":1413,"date":"2013-07-02T15:10:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1413"},"modified":"2013-07-02T15:10:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T08:10:22","slug":"xu-huong-thu-ve-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1413","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thu v\u1ec1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 Obama tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed n\u0103m 2012 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o M\u0129, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ecdn kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thu\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, qu\u00e3ng 65% quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 trong hai n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00e0 25% n\u00f3i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc “\u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i” \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay “thu v\u1ec1” l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u1edbi, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t robot m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u00f3m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n Boston Consultancy Group (BCG) d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u201ctrong v\u00f2ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u1eefa, M\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00e1i sinh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u201d v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi so v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Theo BCG, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang leo l\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 15-20% m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong to\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c do m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cung-c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh l\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n ra thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 may m\u1eb7c, gi\u1ea7y d\u00e9p, \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4ng nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, xe h\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 M\u0129 v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u0129 b\u1eb1ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng robotics \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kinh t\u1ebf nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u0129. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m sinh vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129, \u0111\u00e3 \u2018m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng\u2019 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean 15 n\u0103m qua trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thua thi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9 cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 M\u0129, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Mexico, v.v b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p v\u1edbi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hay hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111em tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. V\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Reshoring trend<\/p>\n

Currently, many of the US President Obama\u2019s speech before the 2012 elections are focusing on strengthening the U.S economy by providing tax incentives to companies that invested in the US, and tax disincentives for those who chose to outsource their operations. Even though these tax proposals have not come into effect yet, but the desired effect is already happened. According to an industry survey, around 65% of the senior executives of American companies surveyed said that they had plans to move operations back into the U.S in the next two years and 25% said they had already relocated their factories back to the US.<\/p>\n

Ten years ago \u201cOffshoring\u201d was a major trend but today \u201cRe-shoring\u201d is a new trend since most of the U.S manufacturing companies have completed their modernization efforts with new machineries, new equipments, many are operated by latest robotic control systems. The Boston Consultancy Group (BCG) predicting that \u201cwithin the next four years, the US is expected to experience a manufacturing renaissance\u201d with completely new factories that operate at higher quality, less costs, and better productivity as compare to the low quality, low productivity, and rising wage rates in China. According to BCG, wages are climbing at 15-20% a year across China due to a supply-demand imbalance for skilled labor, and poor quality that make offshoring no longer profitable and many foreign factories are beginning to move out instead of relocated there. Some low labor factories such as clothing, shoes, are moving to southeast Asia and Africa for lower costs and some major heavy manufacturing such as machinery, cars, electronics, equipments are moving back to the U.S as the current manufacturing have completed their renovation with updated and better equipments.<\/p>\n

The increasing global competitiveness of the US manufacturing sector with better equipments and the application of robotics have changed the economic balance again in favor of the U.S. Today with the high energy costs which make shipping more expensive have induced the shift back to the US. A senior executive said earlier this year, that many U.S companies, \u2018blindly\u2019 moved their operations abroad over the last 15 years in search of lower costs, and thus suffered in terms of poor quality and bad service. Today, consumers do not tolerate low quality and willing to pay higher prices for better quality, the market trend has reversed.\u201d As more companies are moving back to the US, countries whose economies are largely depending on outsourcing such as China, Mexico, etc are beginning to feel the pressure with high unemployment and closing factories and they begin to threaten their economies.<\/p>\n

One question remains is with the knowledge industry whether it also faces the same situation as the manufacturing sector. However, according to several analysts, due to the shortage of skilled workers all over the world and the important of information systems in this knowledge age, it may not happen, at least in the next ten or twenty years. A high level U.S government official said: \u201cWe are currently focusing on bringing back manufacturing jobs to solve our unemployment. Since we do not have enough skilled software workers, software outsourcing is still an exception.\u201d That makes India who has most of the outsourcing business, at least, feels some comfort.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u0129 Obama tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed n\u0103m 2012 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1413"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1414,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1413\/revisions\/1414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}