{"id":1386,"date":"2013-07-02T12:39:39","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1386"},"modified":"2013-07-02T12:39:39","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:39:39","slug":"cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1386","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p; th\u00f4ng tin n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sang vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1965, Gordon Moore \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i 18 th\u00e1ng. Lu\u1eadt Moore l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i 18 th\u00e1ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh IBM l\u00e0 v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. \u0110\u1ebfn 1998, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la. \u0110\u1ebfn 2010, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 la. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u00e1y t\u00edn l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a IBM gi\u00e1 15 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1965. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra Internet cho truy nh\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc sinh ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng ti b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. Qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v.v. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 “t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1” c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng robots, \u00edt vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng ti. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robotics, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edbt ra kh\u1ecfi qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 v\u1eady con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng 70% c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. Khi s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, robotics, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e1y th\u00f4ng minh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u1edbn n\u00e0y. D\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sang c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbng, khi t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 anh ta n\u01a1i t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p b\u1ed1 anh ta, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00e0m trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho con t\u00f4i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information Technology<\/p>\n

Information is a key to every business. For example, financial information is the key of all business decisions; productivity information is the key of all manufacturing decisions, and quality information is the key of software development decisions. In the past it took several hours, several days, and sometime even weeks for the information to reach people who can make decision. Today with information technology, it is just a few seconds, critical information can be sent to decision makers immediately. That is why the role of information technology in business has moved from a supporting role into a strategic role.<\/p>\n

In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the capacity of the computer chip would double every 18 months. The Moore\u2018s law is the central principle of the information technology industry where everything is happening at the speed of the computer chip and it is increasing every 18 months. At that time, the price of an IBM computer was several million dollars. By 1998, the personal computer (PC) changed everything by reduced the price of computer to several thousand dollars. By 2010, smart phone changes everything again and reduces the price of computer to few hundred dollars. The amazing thing is today the power of the computer chip in a smart phone is hundred time faster and better than the $15 million dollar IBM mainframe of the 1965. Another major change is the creation of the Internet for accessing information that allow everyone, from elementary school children to top managers of a big company to get information they need within few seconds. However, information technology does not speed up what used to be done, but it also enables and automates many things.<\/p>\n

To manage information in an orderly way, companies begin to recognize that they must follow processes for everything, or else with so much information, so many data, things could be chaotic. Business process is the way people organize works in a company for better managing. The same thing also applies to manufacturing, and software development etc. By having a well defined process in place, company can identify which process can be automated so they can eliminate wastes and make the work more efficient and effective. Since technology can be used to \u201cautomate\u201d processes by using robots, less work can be done by people and therefore less cost and more profit to the company. With the advancing of technology such as automation and robotics, people have been eliminated from some process or considered as an integral part of the business system. This creates a profound change in the way company operates today. The question is what can people do? If you look at the automobile or manufacturing assembly lines you will find that 70% of the work is automated already. As the number of labor worker is decreasing, the number of engineers and information technology workers is increasing. As technology can be used to find cost effective solutions from many diverse technologies but automation, robotics, tools, smart machinery are not and cannot be a substitute for actual understanding of the problem and making decision about the solution. They cannot replace a good judgment so every company still needs people. These people must have the knowledge about technology to make decision and manage these large information systems. The shift from labor worker to knowledge worker is happening all over the world and during this change, many people; especially labor worker is not prepared. That is why there is a large number of unemployment in every country.<\/p>\n

Few months ago, when I was teaching in China, a student invited me to his home where I met his father, a supervisor in a manufacturing company. We have an interesting conversation about the impact of technology. He told me: \u201cI have been in this job for over 30 years. I have to accept the fact that sooner or later, the company will get rid of me and many others. However, many young people do not know about the impact of technology. Having a manufacturing job is still a dream of many. They do not need an education as they can go to work in a factory for the rest of their life. It is right in my generation but no longer for the next generation. If they do not have a good education, at least a college education in technology but rely on their labor then they will be disappointed. There will not be many jobs in the future. That is why I work hard to send my son to university to study information technology.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p; th\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1386"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1387,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1386\/revisions\/1387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}