{"id":1376,"date":"2013-07-02T12:33:49","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1376"},"modified":"2013-07-02T12:33:49","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:33:49","slug":"cac-ki-nang-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1376","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nay?\u201d Trong l\u1edbp c\u00f3 65 sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u01a1 tay v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u1eefa; ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng “tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn” v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n (ATM) \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111i t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 mua s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay?\u201d Ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u01a1 tay v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u mua s\u00e1ch qua hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m sao. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong CNTT \u0111ang th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi cho m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra theo c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c robot th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00f5 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ph\u00edm m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 iPhone, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u00f9ng Siri \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p CNTT l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c, trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ngang qua m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, m\u1ecdi ph\u00f2ng ban, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p, d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u00e1 qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c” m\u1edbi. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd khi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eafp ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean: Kho\u00e1n trong hay \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i tu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t 450 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t xe h\u01a1i \u1edf M\u0129 n\u0103m 1970 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, ch\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 75 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m xe h\u01a1i. Chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho d\u00f9 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 robot m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch CNTT \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh. Qui t\u1eafc c\u0169: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, tu\u00e2n theo qui t\u1eafc c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng qui t\u1eafc m\u1edbi: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u201d Qui t\u1eafc h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 qui t\u1eafc “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3\u00a0 \u0111\u1eddi” nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh “kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi”. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ti khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng? M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, m\u1ecdi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng? H\u1ecd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 k\u00ed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00e1y ch\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o d\u00f9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p? H\u1ecd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf s\u00fac v\u1eady n\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 tr\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p? H\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y khi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2ng l\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho h\u1ecd trong c\u1ea3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00eam tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y s\u1edbm \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. H\u1ecd tin b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc v\u00e9 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c website gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u1ecdc sinh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo h\u00e0m m\u0169, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ngay b\u00ean trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u0169. C\u1ee9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i bao nhi\u00eau trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u0169. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9ng im, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Future skills<\/p>\n

Few weeks ago, I asked my students: \u201cHow many of you are still going to the Bank today?\u201d From a class of 65 students only two raised their hands as most of them did online banking. Today a majority of people do not go to the Bank anymore; \u201cOn- line\u201d Banking and Automate Teller Machine (ATM) have replaced the traditional bank with people. I asked \u201cHow many of you are still going to the bookstore to buy books today?\u201d Only eight raised their hands as most bought book via On-line bookstores. The bank and bookstore are only examples of how fast Information Technology (IT) has transforming the business world. These changes are affecting the way people do their jobs now and how they will work in the future. Advancing in IT is adding a new dimension to every workplace. Products can be designed in computers, components are broken down digitally, and information is sent to manufacturing systems which distribute to teams of robot who perform the works. With voice recognition technology, people do not need to type into the computer key board anymore but speak to the computer and tell it what to do. Today computer can recognize voice commands to perform works. If you have an iPhone, you probably use Siri to tell this phone what you want. IT business systems that analyze, organize, automate and communicate with each other have been used effectively in many companies for years. These and other new technologies are changing every job, at every level, in every company.<\/p>\n

Today workers at all levels are teaming and collaborating across all functions, all departments, and all business units, using the newest technologies to achieve the business goals. To meet this new challenge, company must focuses on better preparing their workers with the skills, experience and knowledge they need to succeed in the 21st<\/sup> century work environment. Twenty years ago, many U.S companies were outsourced works to lower labor countries and got rid of a large number of employees that could not change. This transition allowed them to modernize their factories, updated their machineries, improved their business workflows, streamlined their business process and trained new type of \u201cknowledge workers\u201d. Now as the transition is about to complete, a new trend has emerge: The re-shoring or bringing back many jobs that they have outsourced since their manufacturing are now completely overhauled with new way of doing business, with high quality, high productivity and much less people. For example, it took 450 people to build a car in the U.S in 1970 but today with new equipments and automated process, it only requires 75 people to build a car. The labor cost today is less than thirty years ago, even with investments in new machineries and robots, company can sell it for more and have higher profits. If you look at the manufacturing area, you can see how IT has changed the factories, the business, and so many things just in the past decade.<\/p>\n

In this new working environment, skills are a competitive advantage. The old rule: \u201cIf you work hard, follow company rules, you have a job\u201d has been replaced by the new rule: \u201cIf you continue to improve your skills to what we need, you have a job.\u201d This lifelong learning rule is a response to the technology changes as workers must continue to upgrade their skills to keep up with changes. There is a clear advantage to people who can learn new skills and stay employable over the lifetime. In the past, to encourage people to work hard many companies have the rule of \u201cLifetime employment\u201d but today it is changing to \u201cLifetime employability\u201d. In other word, lifetime employability is a strategy where company encourages continues training, education to upgrade workers\u2019 skills and experience levels.<\/p>\n

The question is what will happen to the traditional bank? Some still exist today but not many, it is predicted that within ten years, all traditional banks will cease to exist. What will happen to the bank tellers? They will be gone the same way secretary and typist were gone when personal computer with word processing software were replacing the typewriters. What will happen to low labor manufacturing companies? They will be gone the same way modern farmers replaced farm animals such as buffalos with farming machines. What will happen to low labor workers? They will not have jobs if they do not learn new skills. We have seen evidence of this event as unemployment is rising in many countries when the transition is happening but workers are not prepared for it.<\/p>\n

The best way workers can keep their jobs is continue to learn new things. In the past, they learn skills in school that served them throughout their career; many are working one job for one company for their entire life. Today, it is no longer valid as technology changes quickly and continuous learning is the only solution that adds new knowledge, new skills to any individual throughout their life. However, continue learning is not something easy as it must be taught early to build a habit of lifelong learning. This is where education system must change.<\/p>\n

Today many students go to school with the goal of passing tests and achieving degrees. They believe a degree is a ticket to lifetime employment. However the work environment has changed and no longer the same as yesterday\u2019s work. Workers who depend solely on degrees will largely be disappointed. Among the unemployment, a majority of them do have degrees and experiences but they just do not have the skills that the industry need. To build a good habit of lifelong learning, students must build a good habit of reading as early as in elementary school. By having good reading habit, students will read more, learn more and with access to the Internet and education websites, students will develop a broader knowledge. Reading is the key to lifelong learning and must be encouraged as good reading students are always willing to learn more things. As technology often grow exponentially, people will need to be responsible for their own skills as changes are taking place inside the course of a career.<\/p>\n

No one can predict exactly how jobs and workplace will change over the next decades but it is certainly will not be the same. Just look at how much our world has changed in the past five years, there is no reason to think that things will remain the same. In this fast changing world, either you move with it or you will be left behind. Even if you stand still, you will be left behind.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111i t\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nay?\u201d Trong l\u1edbp … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1376"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1377,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1376\/revisions\/1377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}