{"id":1366,"date":"2013-07-02T12:26:40","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:26:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1366"},"modified":"2013-07-02T12:26:40","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T05:26:40","slug":"cai-tien-qui-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1366","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i email li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CMMI v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c CMMI n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u “c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u” v\u1ec1 CMMI v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang tr\u00ean website n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n CMMI l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. CMMI bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 1 t\u1edbi 5 v\u1edbi 1 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. M\u1ee9c 2 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec. M\u1ee9c 3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Khi m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. M\u1ee9c 4 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111o c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. M\u1ee9c 5 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra qua th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ngay m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh\u201d ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong mu\u1ed1n. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng may, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed n\u00e0y. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ecd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c CMMI nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee9c 3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ee9c CMMI nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n tu\u200e\u00fd d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti. N\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra xem c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf m\u1ee9c CMMI n\u00e0o. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec c\u1ea3. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i M\u00c0 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 CMMI m\u1ee9c 5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c 1 nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 CMMI \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n, mang ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c CMMI n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c CMMI cao. V\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 khi c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf CMMI m\u1ee9c 1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra danh ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u doanh nghi\u1ec7p coi l\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady” v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3i r\u00f5 chi\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 “gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed 10% \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m”, hay t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u00ean 10% \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra sau. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u1ea5p t\u1eadp m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111o n\u00e0o trong chi ph\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i trong pha d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u (kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u00e0y t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf) v.v.<\/p>\n

Khi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 hai bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c, vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English verrsion—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Process Improvement<\/p>\n

I have received several emails concerning the implementation of CMMI and the achievement of certain CMMI levels. There are many \u201cHypes\u201d about CMMI and I have written hundreds of articles about them in this website. Basically CMMI is a framework for process improvement that a company could use to improve the quality of its products. The CMMI consists of five levels from 1 to 5 where 1 is the lowest with no improvement and low quality. Level 2 is about improvement at the project level because project is the basic of work in any software company. If you cannot improve the project, you cannot improve anything. Level 3 is focusing on the standardization of activities in a company to achieve consistency in all the works. When all projects are managed accordingly, quality can be improved. Level 4 is focusing on measurement of both products and process. Its goal is to manage all works by metrics and statistical control to reduce variations. Achieving this means the company has total control of all the works in both quality and performance. Level 5 is focusing on defect prevention and process changes and its goal is to optimizing the way software is developed to achieve the highest quality possible.<\/p>\n

The most important step in improvement is to consider the entire software development as a process that can be measured, controlled and improved. Company must set clear goals for improvement and be able to check progress as improvement happens over time since you cannot do everything all at once. The term \u201cmaturity\u201d implies time that means it will take several years to get to the desirable results. It would be impossible for a company to get to the highest level immediately. Just like a baby who must crawl before walk and walk before run, software improvement must start from project to organization and then to the entire company.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, some company owners are too busy and do not take time to understand these principles. Instead of set goal for improvement they confuse a CMMI levels as the goal. I have seen company sets goal to achieve level without even understand what is level 3. Setting a CMMI level as a goal is purely ignorant and demonstrates the lack of understanding of this framework. Process improvement goals should be based on the business of the company such as reduces costs, increase profits, improve quality, and achieve customer satisfaction. Therefore process improvement must be part of a company strategy. It is NOT something you do when you have time. Imagine a business set goal to be profitable if possible. That means the company will often lose money? Improvement is NOT something you do to find out what CMMI level the company is. Imagine a business spend a lot of efforts just to know if they are a business or not. These things do not make sense. Process improvement is NOT something to do only once then stop BUT a continuous activity that never end. Even when you achieve the highest level such as CMMI level 5, if you stop then the company could go back to level 1 faster than you can imagine.<\/p>\n

The lack of understanding of the CMMI has created several issues, resulting in wasting money, bad publicity and hurt the software community. Few years ago, Chinese government set goal to award software company that achieves certain CMMI levels. In just less than a year, hundreds of company announced their achievement of high CMMI levels. Few were appraised by qualified appraisers but many were self declared or by unqualified consultants. Most received the awards but when foreign companies conducted their own appraisal before investing in these companies, the results were much different than the achievement claims as a majority of them were at CMMI level 1. This created a very bad publicity to China\u2019s software industry about low quality, dishonest, cheating and prevented investment into this area. Even today China software industry is still considered by many business analysts as \u201cNot to be trusted\u201d with low quality and poor performance.<\/p>\n

To improve, the goals must be aligned with the needs and direction of company management. Company owners must appoint a designated senior manager to maintain this alignment and manage all improvement activities. This manager must review and approve improvement plans, receive status on improvement actions, and provide guidance on upcoming work. All activities must be measured and reported to company owners. The improvement manager must develop an improvement plan that clearly states the major directions and goals that focus on the needs of the company such as \u201creduce costs 10% by the end of the year\u201d, or increase sales 10% by the end of the year. The improvement plan must identify problems that management wants to solve and actions are designed to do that and move the company toward its goals. For each major improvement area, the plan lists all the tasks that people must do including provide additional trainings to employees. Improvements should be based on measures. For example, it is easier to say that product quality has improved when there is an initial and subsequent measure of quality. Improvement measures do not have to be intensive but any measure in cost, quality, and time would be sufficient. For example number of defects per project phase, schedule accuracy (The different between due date and actual delivery date) etc.<\/p>\n

When the plan has been approved, managers must track it to ensure that progress is being made. There are two typical tracking events, a weekly session the improvement teams, and a monthly status session with senior managers. The purpose of the weekly session is to ensure that progress is being made on the improvement tasks. The monthly status is to inform company owner and senior executives on the activities. Only by treating improvement like a real business project, improvement can happen and benefit the company.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i email li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CMMI v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c CMMI n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u “c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u” … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1366"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1367,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366\/revisions\/1367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}