{"id":1340,"date":"2013-07-02T11:41:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T04:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1340"},"modified":"2013-07-02T11:58:57","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T04:58:57","slug":"xu-huong-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1340","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 Nano c\u1ee7a Tata c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 $1900 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 Adidas \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n gi\u1ea7y ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $1 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i gi\u1ea7y, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea7y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $20 hay $40 \u0111\u00f4 la cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 mua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i gi\u1ea7y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la.\u201d Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi Adidas v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea7y $1 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u1eddi v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh doanh th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng? Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea7y kh\u00e1c \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu Adidas th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Nam M\u0129. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea7y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Henry Ford \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n xe h\u01a1i Model T v\u00e0 b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $850 v\u00e0o qu\u00e3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Henry Ford \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1edbi n\u0103m 1928, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 xe xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi $240. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ford l\u00e0 c\u00f3 xe cho m\u1ecdi gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf M\u0129. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 xe Forrd Model T, gi\u1ea7y Adidas $1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qua d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ai ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u1eafng. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi iPads v\u00e0 b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u00edt h\u01a1n $100 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $70 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1edbm. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 h\u1eddi h\u01a1n, tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eafp k\u1ebft th\u00fac do vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, robotics v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong thu nh\u1eadp c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c hay robots m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay g\u1eedi cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng qua internet, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eabn t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 robotics v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf k\u00e9m v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn suy tho\u00e1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201ckinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u201d sang \u201ckinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin\u201d nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau hay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd b\u1ecf c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t ngay c\u1ea3 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n?<\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00ean m\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Kinh t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Internet. Thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng tin cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong khi t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00ed l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y sang ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti hay m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi. \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trung b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 qua th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u00f3 l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new trend<\/p>\n

One of the new trend in globalization is the decreasing price in consumer products due to companies leverage the cheapest resources around the world in the manufacturing process. Last year, India announced the Tata\u2019s Nano car at $1900 dollars and Adidas was selling running shoes at $1 dollar in India. An official said: \u201cSince a majority of people in India do not wear shoes, and they cannot afford $20 or $40 dollars shoes so we developed special shoes at much lower price for them. With a billion people in India, if each only buys one pair of shoes we can make a billion dollars.\u201d Many people question Adidas on the claim that they can still make the production of a $1 shoe profitable and whether it is a real business model? However, other shoes manufactures are looking closely at this model. If Adidas succeed in India, the next market could be Africa and S. America. If manufacturers can reduce their costs to the point where others could not then just a matter of time, many shoes manufactures will have to close their business.<\/p>\n

However, this is not a new thing. One hundred years ago, Henry Ford did the same thing by developed the Model T car and sold at $850 which was about a third of the price of other cars. Henry Ford invented the assembly line concept to reduce costs and then by continuous process improvement techniques that he perfected by 1928, he was able to drop the price down to $240. The goal of Ford was to have a car for every family in the U.S. Like the Model T Ford, the $1 Adidas shoe is the beginning of how manufacturers were able to improve production processes across the global supply chain. With globalization, competition will be fierce and who control the market will win. Last year, several companies in India announced that they have developed tablets to compete with the iPads and sell for less than $100 and China also developed smartphones for $70 and it is predicted that a price war among companies will begin soon. If it happens, it will destroy companies that could not compete with competitors who can build products at the cheapest locations and sell them at better prices, all over the world. Many economists predict that will be the end of the manufacturing economy and places where the economy depends solely on manufacturing.<\/p>\n

As the manufacturing economy is about to end due to automation, robotics and cheaper resources, the information economy is starting with high demand for skilled workers. Most economists have agreed that the amount of education the workforce has is the major driver of economic growth. If you look at all powerful economic nations today, you can see that their workers have more education than workers of other country. The differences in the amount of education among individuals are correlated with the differences in personal income and employability. In this globalized world, works can move to where skilled workers are. Today more work can be done on computers and sent to machines or robots that creates the product or to the customer by internet, so it does not matter where the worker is.<\/p>\n

Generally, the highest skills are in the greatest demand and the lowest are in surplus, which drives the wages of the highest skilled up and the wages of the lowest skilled down. It also creates an increasing number of job openings among the higher skilled and a declining number of openings among the lower skilled. The high level of unemployment in some countries is the direct result of this situation. Today with advancement in information technology such as robotics and automation, jobs that can be done routinely will be automated and done by machines. Jobs that require thinking and making decision require more education and training will be left for people. That is why there is a direct connection between skills and jobs. Of course a good education system does not guarantee full employment or high wages, but a poor education system guarantees a bad economy and a low standard of living for all.<\/p>\n

We are currently witnessing a global recession that devastating weak economies because the whole world is transitioning from the \u201cmanufacturing economy\u201d to the \u201cinformation economy\u201d but many developing countries are not prepared. This transition has created several questions to them. Will they be left behind or is this an opportunity for them to abandon the manufacturing approach and jump to the information age and catch up? What will happen to the lower-skilled workers who already are struggling to survive even in the manufacturing economy and now may have to adjust to the new economy? Will they continue to struggle and fall behind more or seize the opportunity to make their lives better?<\/p>\n

In the information economy, knowledge and skills are the key factors. It does NOT mean every worker has to be expert in information technology but they must know something about it and be able to use it as a tool. It also means to raise the standard education to a new level and adding more technology courses in current education curricula. The global information economy has emerged with the implementation of electronic commerce and greater use of information technology (IT) where information can be delivered anywhere and at the speed of the Internet. Rather than relying on the knowledge of few managers to direct the work, companies are now begin to decentralized their structures to depend more on the skills and knowledge of the entire workforce. Even in lower-level activities, information and knowledge play an increasingly important role as workers assume greater responsibility for their tasks.<\/p>\n

The use of information allows workers to be more efficient and responsible for their works. While physical asset is easily transferable from one location to another, knowledge and skills are not. That is why today jobs move to where workers are instead of workers have to go to where jobs are located. A worker\u2019s knowledge and skills are now considered important assets to a company or a country. For example, India with abundant of skilled workers in information technology has become the destination for most IT outsourcing which also created several million of new high paying jobs.<\/p>\n

With knowledge workers, a country may not face the problem where economic activity can be moved to wherever labor is cheapest. Instead the competitive economic success depending on the available of skilled workers and that is why for economic development, education improvement is important. It should start with the training of school teachers and the developing of new training programs. The advantage of this is it will prevent a serious decline in the quality of the education of the average worker, and overtime may increase it.<\/p>\n

Improving education is the single most important thing that any country can do to prevent a steady slide toward increasing unemployment and lowered standard of living.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti th\u00fac b\u1ea9y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1340","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1340"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1342,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1340\/revisions\/1342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}