{"id":1325,"date":"2013-07-02T09:38:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T02:38:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1325"},"modified":"2013-07-02T09:38:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-02T02:38:30","slug":"du-lop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1325","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ef1 l\u1edbp"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00edt gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 coi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng may m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf l\u1edbp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1eef sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp t\u00f4i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p 10% \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho ki\u1ec3m tra “kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc” trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u1eebng l\u1ea7n l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd thi\u1ebfu b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng. Khi sinh vi\u00ean thi\u1ebfu l\u00ean l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t e-mail h\u1ecfi l\u00ed do kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i gi\u1eef cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, t\u00f4i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00f4i k\u00e9o s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd g\u1eafn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, websites v\u00e0 blogs k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tin t\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. Khi h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 cho ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 cho sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn nhau h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00ec d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1edbp th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd l\u00ean l\u1edbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhau c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp l\u1edbn khi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhau. N\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 “D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft cho n\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u00f3 v\u1eady\u201d hay \u201cM\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 r\u00f5.” Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ea3nh quan n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.
\nB\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u1edbp, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 n\u01a1i t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung n\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf b\u1edbt m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. N\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean th\u00edch ki\u1ec3u l\u1edbp n\u00e0y h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

30 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh vi\u00ean d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp cao v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tham d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang em l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u00fang em nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cC\u00e1c em \u1edf trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu em kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3 em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin v\u00e0o l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1m \u01a1n t\u00f4i v\u00ec l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cKhi em v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, em gh\u00e9t l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho em h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean l\u1edbp m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, em c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f4m nay v\u00e0 em th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Class attendance<\/p>\n

One of the differences between high school and college is in college; few professors consider class attendance as mandatory. They believe that college students are adult and should be responsible for their own actions. Unfortunately some college students are not matured enough to be responsible for their own learning as they often skip class. Some students believe that they can still do well by reading textbooks and do homeworks. Based on my experience, regular class attendance helps students to learn more and retain the course content more effectively and the lack of attendance is the main reason why some students received bad grade.<\/p>\n

To keep students attending class, on the first day of class I explain exactly how grading is done in my class with a policy that allow 10% of the grade is based on attendance. This way student know from the start that attendance is part of their grade calculation. I also let them know that I will give \u201cunannounced\u201d test in class to encourage students to prepare for each class and keep a basic understanding of the current concepts. If students miss the class, they miss the test and receive a zero. When students miss class, they will receive an e-mail asking for reason for missing the class. By actively checking attendance, I keep most of the students in class.<\/p>\n

To encourage them to study, I prepare my lecture by adding current events that grab student interest. I ask students about their opinions on these events and try to tie them in course material with real-life examples that students can relate to. I believe that students will learn more when they talk about it so I encourage them to read technical magazine, websites and blogs and these technical news to discuss in class. By sharing information with each others, they also learn soft-skills and presentation skills. When they try to explain something to somebody else, they end up understanding it better themselves.<\/p>\n

By having class discussion, it is easier to see how the news relates to materials that they learn in textbooks. It make the class more lively and making it more meaningful to students. If students like the class, they will attend it regularly and by attending class, they will learn more. And sometimes it is easier for students to learn from each other than from the professor because it is easier to ask questions of a friend than a professor.<\/p>\n

By having class discussions, I encourage students to study before they come to class. By asking them to talk about these materials, it allows them to connect their thinking with the class content. This is how some students first discover that a particular content area interests them. Class discussions also help break through the anonymity of a large class where students do not know each. Talking with other students about course content is a good way to measure their knowledge. By listening to others, student may think “It seemed everybody know this but I do not so I better learn it\u201d or \u201cI’m not the only one who doesn’t understand it well.” Class discussion puts some perspective on individual efforts to learn. It reduces stress, and motivates learning.<\/p>\n

By having class discussion, it creates a sense of teamwork where each member has something to contribute and where disagreement is tolerated. By adapt the lesson to current events; it makes the subject interesting and relevant. Encourage student feedback so I can eliminate some work that has minimal learning benefits. If students like this type of class they will attend more and learn more.<\/p>\n

My 30 years of college teaching experience has taught me that maintaining a high level of student attendance and class participation has significant benefits. Of course, monitoring class attendance, giving unannounced tests, give attendance points will not be popular with some students. Many students told me: \u201cWe are in college not high school and you should not treat us like high school students.\u201d I told them: \u201cYou are in my class and this is the way I teach, if you do not like it you can enroll in another class with another professor.\u201d However, by the third year, most that are initially resistant to this approach realize its value and often thank me for doing it. One student admitted: \u201cWhen I was in the first year, I hate your class since it makes me study hard and go to class every day. However if it was not for that, I probably will not do well today and I really appreciate your efforts.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, \u00edt gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 coi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 b\u1eaft … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1325"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1326,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1325\/revisions\/1326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}