{"id":1316,"date":"2013-07-01T23:54:21","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T16:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1316"},"modified":"2013-07-01T23:54:21","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T16:54:21","slug":"tuong-lai-cua-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1316","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c CNTT m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010 n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb $15 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 1990 l\u00ean tr\u00ean $100 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2011 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. L\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho tr\u00ean hai tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho g\u1ea7n t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a McKinsey d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi $360 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m 2020, v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u tr\u00ean $300 t\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ean 40 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ra ngo\u00e0i, khu v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00ean trong v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh FM, truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p, b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. G\u1eafn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang v\u0103n ho\u00e1 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. N\u0103m 1990, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 550 tri\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i n\u0103m 2020 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn t\u1eeb m-commerce v\u00e0 m-government.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 si\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 10% t\u1edbi 15% trong GDP. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong nh\u00f3m tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1eb7ng d\u01b0 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111ang t\u0103ng ng\u00e2n qu\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (IIT) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 R&D. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thu thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi tr\u00ean 65% c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang \u0111i sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 IBM, Microsoft, Google, Intel v.v. hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u1ec7n nghi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu\u00ea c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn l\u00e1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, qui ch\u1ebf c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 quan li\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1edf ra v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng bao c\u1ea5p cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i xem.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The future of India<\/p>\n

In the 1990s, the Indian\u2019s Information Technology (IT) industry began with low cost call centers, coding and testing for western companies. Ten years after, it moved to higher-level IT works such as developing software, and management consulting services. Now in 2010s it begins to work on sophisticated research and development of innovative technology products. Since past decade, the Indian IT industry has seen explosive growth in every sector with more than half of all global outsourcing comes to India. The amount of outsourcing revenue has grown from $15 million dollars in 1990 to over $100 billion in 2011 and still continues to grow. IT outsourcing is India\u2019s biggest earner of foreign exports and provides direct employment to over two million people and indirect employment to almost eight times that number. A McKinsey study projected that the IT industry could be as large as $360 billion in 2020, with exports of over $300 billion and provides jobs to over 40 million people.<\/p>\n

When the IT industry is mostly growing outward, the telecommunications sector has also growth quickly inwardly with more FM radio, cable TV, broadband, and mobile phone. Together, these technologies have changed the entire agriculture society to a technology oriented culture. In 1990, India had only one TV channel but now it has few hundred choices of TV channels. Ten years ago, India had no mobile phone but now it has over 550 million mobile and smart phones. It is expected to reach one billion phone users by 2020 with significant contribution of m-commerce and m-government.<\/p>\n

To maintain this amazing hyper-growth, Indian government has issued a massive education changes with emphasize on information technology. The goal is to develop a million IT workers a year to meet global demand and sustain a 10% to 15% growth in GDP. IT is considered the key drivers of employment-intensive to absorb the growing numbers in the working-age group and surplus unskilled labor from the agricultural sector. Currently government is increasing funding to establish more Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and engineering colleges to focus on technology-based industry and R&D. They also issue policies to not collect customs duty on software, tax exemption for export technology, and encourage more foreign investments in IT sector with ease of restriction. According to a study, currently over 65% of all global technology investments are going to India and all the technology companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Google, Intel etc. are currently establish their research facilities and hiring Indian scientists.<\/p>\n

Future of India is definitely in the technology areas and the investment in education is the key to create these drivers. To do that, rigid regulatory and education bureaucratic are being dismantled. More private schools are encouraged to open and state schools are allowed to establish their own curriculum to meet global market demand without interference from government. The government also subsidized hundred thousands of tablets computers for college students to encourage them to study information technology. The question is whether India can change fast enough to create more high-growth sectors that act as the engines for more economic development is still remain to be seen.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, vi\u1ebft … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1316"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1317,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1316\/revisions\/1317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}