{"id":1295,"date":"2013-07-01T23:32:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T16:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1295"},"modified":"2013-07-01T23:32:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T16:32:10","slug":"doi-thoai-khac-o-trung-quoc-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1295","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea7n 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Sau ba th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u00f9ng n\u1edf, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ec1n khi m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng khi kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ec7 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n s\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cSau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thua l\u1ed7, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh doanh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cH\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ecfi trong kinh doanh s\u1edf h\u1eefu theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, n\u01a1i b\u1ed1 d\u1ea1y con v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kinh doanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn, s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh hay m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i theo c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, b\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n do qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf to\u00e1n ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch. Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i to\u00e0n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00fac h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thu\u00ea h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec thu\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00eam n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quen bi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do quen bi\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh thay v\u00ec t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hay th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cTrong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y, quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m trong c\u00f4ng ti, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u00ean cho n\u00ean t\u1edbi l\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ti. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec9nh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 quen bi\u1ebft gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cSinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi th\u1ea5y ai \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 thu x\u1ebfp \u0111i ngh\u1ec9 h\u00e8. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n \u1edf trong n\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chung c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u00edch thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong khi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00edt, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ecm thu\u00ea h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng ti t\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm h\u1ecd. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti, \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 sinh l\u1eddi. V\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 cao, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi trung th\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n. \u00d4ng thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed 30 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh ta nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng n\u1ebfu anh ta ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, anh ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c.\u201d Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf M\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t con, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, cho t\u00f4i qua M\u0129 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb danh gi\u00e1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi thanh ni\u00ean \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng trung b\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0y nay \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. S\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 trong khu l\u1eadn c\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb9p, xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1ebb t\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf. c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i ch\u00fac m\u1eebng anh ta: \u201cAnh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc gia \u0111\u00ecnh anh r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 anh.\u201d Anh ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Trong cu\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 \u00f4ng b\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Anh ta th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u anh ta c\u00f3 iPhone k\u00e8 k\u00e8 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, anh ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u anh ta c\u00f3 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng, anh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1u. Sau v\u00e0i ph\u00fat anh ta th\u00fa nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng anh ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec anh ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 anh ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, anh ta ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfc xe BMW \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 xe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111ang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00f3.\u201d BMW l\u00e0 xe r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf M\u0129. \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n do thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m hay h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua chi\u1ebfc xe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, anh ta gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn nh\u1edb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m con, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt xa hoa \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m con v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. Kh\u00f4ng may, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Another conversation in China part 3<\/p>\n

There are signs of an economic slowdown in China. After three decades of growth, the country begins to experience some changes as exports are slowing down, factories are closing, and unemployment is increasing. The only thing that goes up is wages. When the economy is booming, few people pay attention to how much money they made as long as money are pouring in but when the economy begins to decrease, companies are realizing that they have not making money but actually losing it. This has created a panic among large and small, state-owned and private companies about how bad their management systems are. Every day, on newspapers you can read about companies losing money, accounting systems broken down with many things are not accounted for, and the waste these companies incurred. Suddenly there is a huge demand for top management positions, the kind of position that used to reserve to well connect people but now it is changing.<\/p>\n

A senior manager explained: \u201cAfter many years of operating at loss, we begin to realize that we need experienced managers to direct our operation. There is no reason to sell more but not profitable. The fact is many of us do not know how to manage the business and we make many mistakes.\u201d<\/p>\n

A business professor told me: \u201cThey do not know how to manage large company. They do not know how to do business globally. Many top managers have no training or knowledge of global business. Our management practice is based on the past when companies are small. We are good in small family owned business, where father teach son to run the business. That does not work in a highly competitive world of globalization. We do not know how to develop business strategy; we do not know how to set vision, mission or goal. We follow textbooks that were written fifty years ago and most of us who teach at business schools have no experience in the industry. We only know theories but most of the theories are no longer work in the global economy.\u201d<\/p>\n

The situation is common because many companies are having the same problem. They produce more, sell more on the global market but still losing money due to mismanagement and poor accounting system. Today large and small, global and local, state-owned and privately-owned are desperately looking for qualified top managers. China graduates several millions of people each year, but few would qualify for these jobs. A senior manager told me: \u201cWe are not looking for people with degrees. We know about our education system and what kind of graduates it produced. We need people with experience and it is very difficult to find them. Our current graduates are full of theories but cannot make a single decision. They cannot manage anything because they never work until they graduate. Our training is backward and obsolete in this globalized world. If we hire them and train them, it would take several years before they can even manage a small group. By that time, they probably switch job to get better wages so there is no reason to hire and train people anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n

If you look at China\u2019s current top managers, you will be surprised because many are young. They are the most well-educated and well-connected but may not have the knowledge and experience to manage large companies. One of the facts is their education has no practical aspect. The other fact is many get to their positions due to family connection rather than talent or success. What many companies are looking for is someone who can come in and immediately make decisions to make it profitable not someone who is still learning. However recent graduates often need to be trained at least for several years to do that. This mismatch is creating a major problem to China\u2019s business industry.<\/p>\n

The professor explained: \u201cIn most western countries, top executives come from the rank of management. They usually spend at least twenty to thirty years in a company, starting at the bottom and climb up. They learn as they are moving up so by the time they get to top positions, they already know the business well and have experience to direct a company. This system works well because only the best, the brightest, and the most successful get to the top. We have not learned about this system yet. Some people get to top positions depend on who they know and their family connection. They maybe bright and have good intention but no experience. This is why they make mistakes.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today the most desirable people are Chinese who study oversea and return. These people have a combination of Western education as well as work experience which make them attractive to local companies, especially large companies that do business globally. However, this creates a conflict with people who are educated locally.<\/p>\n

A professor told me: \u201cOur students are not happy to see someone like them get better wages, special incentives such as housing stipend, and education expenses for their children, and summer travel arrangement. They both have degrees but one is from a western university and the other is local. Some of them have lived oversea for a long time and they often act differently, some even act like a westerner. In China, company loyalty is like family, you are in it together for life. These foreign educated people do not share that view. They often change job for better pay and better bonus, it is difficult to keep them for long. As more foreign companies are investing in China, many also prefer to hire foreign educated people like them and local companies have to compete for these experienced managers. It is difficult and we often fail.\u201d<\/p>\n

While the number of qualified top executives is small, the number of companies looking to hire them is increasing. Not only private companies but also state-owned companies are searching for them. The main goal is to find someone who could turn the company around, sets new direction, and makes it profitable. As demand for China\u2019s top management is high, these top people also demand more bonus and higher salaries.<\/p>\n

A senior manager complained: \u201cThese people do not know loyalty, they only concern about money. You hire a 30 years old manager and pay a lot for his experience but in few months if he is getting better offer somewhere else, he has no hesitation of switching job.\u201d When I asked a young manager who are educated in the U.S about it. He explained: \u201cYou have to understand my position too. There is a lot of pressure from my family to achieve success quickly. Because of the one-child policy, I have parents and grandparents who are interested in my success. They saved money for my education, sent me to the U.S to study, when return; I must be successful to meet their expectations. I must have my own house with the best furniture, an expensive car, and prestigious position. That is what success is in the eyes of my family. I must make my parents and my grandparents proud.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today, almost every young person in China considers salary as their top priority. For decades of living below average standard of living, today it is changing fast. To own a house in a nice neighborhood, an expensive car, a lot of electronic devices, and many brand name materialistic things are the symbol of success.<\/p>\n

During a visit to a software company, I met a young software developer who came from a small village. Both of his parents and grandparents are farmers. He is the first in his family that goes to college. I congratulated him: \u201cYou must be proud of being the first in your family who went to college and now have a good job. I am sure your family is very proud of you.\u201d He seemed indifferent to my praise. During the conversation, he told me that he have not seen his parents or grandparents for many years. He did not even talk to them although he had an iPhone with him all the time. As a software developer, he is making a good salary but when I asked whether he send money home to support the family, he seemed angry. After few minutes, he confessed that he did not do that because he has other thing that he must save for. To my surprise, he pointed to a BMW car parked in front of the building and said: \u201cThat is my manager\u2019s car, I want that car and I am saving money for it.\u201d A BMW is a very expensive car, even in the U.S. In China, it is much more expensive due to import tax. Even for a software developer with good salary, it will take at least ten years or more to buy a car like that.<\/p>\n

When I told that to a friend, he explained: \u201cThere is a big difference between our generation and the younger generation. We still remember the traditional value of being filial, of being a good citizen and loyal to our country. The younger generation does not have that value anymore. They are under the influence of other material things and they feel that they deserve to have those luxury items. They are not taught about being filial to parents, they are not taught about being responsible to the society but all they are taught are being success and make a lot of money. Unfortunately, without proper education, some will do whatever they can to get it, at any cost.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Sau ba th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1295"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1296,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1295\/revisions\/1296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}