{"id":1271,"date":"2013-07-01T21:29:14","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1271"},"modified":"2013-07-01T21:29:14","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:29:14","slug":"xu-huong-thu-ve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1271","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thu v\u1ec1"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “thu v\u1ec1” m\u1edbi hay chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do cho xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y: Chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed; chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i cao l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn ra nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cKhi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf v\u1eadt t\u01b0 k\u00e9m v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ed7i. H\u00e0nh vi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kinh doanh.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, General Electric (GE) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thu v\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129. C\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y n\u00f3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec7n minh cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y gi\u1eb7t, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 M\u0129. Trong h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, GE \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng b\u1ecf \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a M\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u1edbi, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng robot t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u01afu th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m xong cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi tranh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 robot, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1.\u201d Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cHai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n: \u201cKhi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i hai chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u00f3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e3i m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac cho h\u1ecd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, \u201cthu v\u1ec1” nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi “kho\u00e1n ra” l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Ph\u1ed1 Wall n\u00f3i: “Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p \u0111ang tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u tra g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf M\u0129 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n $1 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 M\u0129 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 187 c\u00f4ng ti trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn ra “chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng” v\u00e0 “ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m” l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m, M\u0129 s\u1ebd th\u00eam h\u01a1n 5 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t 10 t\u1edbi 20 tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd thu v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 cao su, m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00e0y d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a “hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn” M\u0129 c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u1edbn cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 2 t\u1edbi 5 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00eam n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chi ph\u00ed d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3i: “T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Reshoring trend<\/p>\n

Recently several large foreign companies are moving out of China and it triggers a new \u201cRe-shoring\u201d trend or moving works back to their own country. As a result, several Chinese factories are closing and several thousands of workers are losing jobs. There are several reasons for this trend: Rising costs in China making outsourcing no longer cost effective; high transportation cost is another reason. However, the most cited factor is low quality and inconsistent performance. A senior manager explained: \u201cWhen we first outsourced to China, the quality was good but overtime, the quality has degraded to the level of unacceptable. It is not that they cannot do a quality job since they did well in the beginning. The problem is they often substitute poor materials into the product or shift products full of defective parts. This is unethical behavior to increase profit but it is not the way to do business.\u201d<\/p>\n

One of the largest companies, General Electric (GE) has led the industrial\u2019s re-shoring trend by move many factories back to the U.S. The company said outsourcing has ceased to provide the cost savings that once justified overseas production of refrigerators and washing machines that were subsequently shipped to the US. For over ten years, GE had invested heavily in China with several factories but now it is willing to leave quickly when its production is no longer profitable.<\/p>\n

Another key reason is the outsourcing trend in the past twenty years has allowed large U.S. companies to have time to update their factories with new machines, new equipments, and especially implement more automated robotics systems. A senior manager explained: \u201cWe cannot shut down the entire factories to make the change. It takes time so we temporarily outsource the works to lower cost countries. The cost advantage gives us the capital to upgrade our equipments and factories. Now it is done so we can move everything back. With modern equipments and robots, we can make things much cheaper and higher quality so we can compete better in the globalized world.\u201d When asked about hundred thousand workers in China that suddenly lost their jobs, he explained: \u201cTwenty years ago, many American workers also lost their jobs when we outsource. If we can outsource the works somewhere, we can always move them back too. If they do not anticipate that someday we will do it, it is their problem. In the past outsourcing is about reducing cost but now it is about having the best technology to produce higher quality, lower cost to capture the global market. It is about competition and strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another manager is more sympathetic: \u201cWhen we outsource to China, we also teach them about our technology and our business so they can build things themselves. It is a two-way exchange that benefits both sides. Now they can build products for their own people. They cannot continue to manufacture everything and sell it to the world forever. Their economy has benefited a lot during the past twenty years. It is about time for them to produce things for their local market and their own people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Most economists agree that one thing is certain, \u201cre-shoring as oppose to \u201coffshoring” is a new trend that will create more economy unstable and high unemployment in countries that are heavily depending on low cost labor such as China, South East Asia and Africa. A Wall Street analyst said: “Today we see an economic situation where products should be made at the lowest cost and highest quality to capture the global market. The cheap and low quality Chinese products that flooded the global market few years ago are over. Today with the difficult economy more people are becoming selective. If they have to pay for something, they want the best for their money.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to a recent survey, more than half of US-based manufacturers with yearly sales of more than $1 billion have plans to close some factories in China, and move back to the U.S. A total of 187 companies across various industries took part in the survey, which cited “labor costs” and \u201cProduct quality\u201d as the prime reasons to move out of China. The survey predicted that within two years, the US will add 5 more million jobs back to its economy when China will probably lose 10 to 20 million jobs. The industries most likely will re-shore are plastics and rubber products, industrial and commercial machinery, electronics and computers, transportation goods and fabricated metal products.<\/p>\n

When confronting with the different of jobs gain and lost between two countries, the survey authors cited that with increase of factory automation and other forms of “increased efficiency due to advanced technology” the U.S have significant advantage so it can produce more things with less people when China is still solely depending on labor skills which is getting more expensive. It is estimated that for most products, the cost of production in China is only 2 to 5 percent lower than the cost of production in the US so there is no advantage to outsource to China anymore. At the same time rising costs in China are continue to rise uncontrollable.<\/p>\n

A Chinese officer said: “The future of China will be innovation, not low-cost manufacturing. The new goal of China is to improve our education systems and focusing more on technology to make our products more competitive. The difficulty is how to re-train hundred million labor workers to work in the technology area?”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n ra kh\u1ecfi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea9y c\u00f2 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “thu v\u1ec1” m\u1edbi hay … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1271"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1271\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1272,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1271\/revisions\/1272"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}