{"id":1268,"date":"2013-07-01T21:27:18","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1268"},"modified":"2013-07-01T21:27:18","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:27:18","slug":"cong-nghe-moi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1268","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ba c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, Internet, iPod, iPad, MP3, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, hay Mark Zuckerberg v.v. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u1edf qui m\u00f4 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hay “t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1y l\u00ean” \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959 b\u1edfi Ts. Richard Feynman, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Nobel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ed hon n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m; nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta qu\u00e1 to.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. Theo nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t robot r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111i qua th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t robot \u0111i qua m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh tim. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y trong laptop c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m terabytes th\u00f4ng tin. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u00e9p nh\u01b0ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n hay m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 20, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn bao la. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao tu\u1ef3 \u00fd b\u00e1n v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c sao t\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp.” M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf Carnegie Mellon l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o hay kh\u00f4ng. Ts. Kimball, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa s\u1ebd n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0 trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd m\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khu ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o s\u1ebd mua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f9a: \u201c\u00c1o s\u01a1 mi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i cho \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u00f4ng \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb b\u00e9o. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0103n hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cKhi \u00f4ng \u0103n, \u00e1o s\u01a1 mi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee1 b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh tim cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111o trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eefa.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gen. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c gen, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u1eed \u0111i t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb chung b\u1edfi y h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6\/2000, v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ec7 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ean ba t\u1ec9 c\u1eb7p DNA c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gen c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa ch\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n 200 gen v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ung th\u01b0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng; nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f5i v\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111a bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 gen; v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi gen trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u1ed5 ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gen cung c\u1ea5p hi v\u1ecdng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u hay ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Ng\u00e0y nay khoa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a CMU \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eafp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 $1,000. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 gen c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gen v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Carnegie Mellon tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed s\u00e2u b\u1ecd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u00e1i sinh v.v. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u00e2u b\u1ecd, thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 phun l\u00ean c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft s\u00e2u b\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u00e2u b\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1eeb 1995, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean 850% v\u1edbi tr\u00ean $150 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la thu nh\u1eadp n\u0103m 2010. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u00edch l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1 Wall gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cT\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n \u0111o b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano, b\u1ea1n \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ea1n \u1ed1m, khi b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 hay b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Google, Microsoft hay Facebook t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, hai c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u0103n t\u00ecm cao. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi v.v. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o ch\u00fang trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The new technologies<\/p>\n

Today there are three emerging technologies that are exploding and creating more business opportunities than anything else. They are Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, and Information technology. Most people have seen the impact of information technology such as personal computers, Internet, iPod, iPad, MP3, mobile phones and smart phones as well as stories of billionaire entrepreneurs such as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, or Mark Zuckerberg etc. But few people know about the impact of the other technologies.<\/p>\n

Nanotechnology focuses on molecules and atoms. It is the engineering and building of many things at the molecular scale or \u201cbottom up\u201d so scientists can create new materials that it is impossible to imagine before this technology was invented. This theoretical capability was envisioned in 1959 by Dr. Richard Feynman, a Nobel physicist who wrote: \u201cI want to build a billion tiny factories where we can maneuver things atom by atom. Of course, in principle, that can be done; but in practice, it has not been done because we are too big.\u201d However, today with the advancement of technology, scientists have been able to use special molecular machines guide by computers to reconstruct several materials accordingly and a new manufacturing revolution has exploded. According to several studies, this technology will creates serious economic, social, environmental and military implications. With this technology, it is possible to create completely new materials with special properties. Imagine a small medical device like a very small robot that travels through the human body to seek out and destroy cancerous cells before they can spread. Imagine a robot goes through the blood stream and clean up of all plagues that cause heart disease. Imagine a disk drive smaller than an eraser in a laptop that can store hundred of terabytes of information. Imagine a new composite material stronger than steel but cheaper to build for construction materials.<\/p>\n

If electricity or computer technology has changed our society in the 20th<\/sup> century, Nanotechnology will greatly change our society in the 21st<\/sup> century and improve efficiency in almost everything in life. The commercialization of this technology will change almost everything. It can offer not just better products, but a vastly improved manufacturing <\/i>process. For example, today computer can make copies of data files and create many copies as you want at minimum cost. Imagine the building of products; any product can become as cheap as the copying of files. That means a machine can reproduce other machines creates million of things at the atomic level up. That is why many scientists called it “The next industrial revolution.” One of the researches I saw in our laboratory at Carnegie Mellon was materials that can be made into clothes in which it senses body temperature, measure health information and informs people who wear it of anything wrong in their body. Imagine that your clothes will let you know about your heart rate, your metabolism, and whether you have any disease or not. Dr. Kimball, the researcher told me that it will be available in few years and within ten years; most people will probably wear this kind of materials instead of regular clothes made from cotton. That means clothing manufacturing will buy this materials for their products and it will impact agriculture, factories, retail stores, and especially the way we live. He joked: \u201cYour shirt will tell you that you have enough calories for the day, and if you eat more you will gain weight. It would be wonderful for people who do not want to get fat. Of course whether you continue to eat or not, that is your decision.\u201d He added: \u201cWhen you eat, your shirt may let you know that you eat so much saturated fat and it could cause heart disease so you should stop. It will measure your body metabolism and let you know of certain things that may impact your health too.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another exploding area is Biotechnology or the study of technology that focuses on cells and genetic structures. Today, many diseases have been traced to genetic factors. By working at the level of genes, it is possible not only to treat the disease but even to eliminate the susceptibility to it so that disease does not happen. Personalized treatment adapted to the genetic makeup of a person can be far more effective than generalized treatment of disease by medicine today. Since June of 2000, with the result of The Human Genome Project, the entire field of biology has been changed. Scientists have been able to determine the sequence of over three billion pairs of human DNA and from sequencing these DNA; they would be able to determine the genetic causes of many diseases and lead to diagnoses, treatments, and cures for these illnesses. Since then, there were some major advances in biotechnology. Studies have linked more than 200 genes to various types of cancer; many diseases have been traced to multiple genetic variants; and the price of sequencing DNA has dropped from million to few thousand dollars per person. Today we know that a person’s susceptibility to disease depend more on the combined effect of all the genes in the body. Therefore, mapping this complex nest of genetic relationships offers the best hope for turning biotechnology into therapies or cures. Today CMU Biotechnology department is working a new instrument that enable sequencing of a personal genome for $1,000. This will increase the number of individual genomes available for finding associations between genes and disease. Carnegie Mellon\u2019s scientists believe their approach will help doctor to diagnose and guide treatment in the near future.<\/p>\n

Besides treating disease, Biotechnology scientists can modify the genetic of a crop so it can tolerate drought, disease or even insects. It can also used to treat waste, clean up contaminated area, recycle organic materials etc. Thousands these products have been tested and approved for commercial use. In area that have problem with insects, instead of using toxic chemical to spay into crops to kill insect but also may cause harm to people, it is better to use modified crops that have certain flavor that insects cannot eat but do not cause harms to human consumption.<\/p>\n

Biotechnology industry is the fastest growing industry today. Since 1995, it has grown over 850% with over $150 billion in revenues in 2010. This field offers significant benefits in solving human problems with a wide range of applications from healthcare, agriculture, to energy and environment. A Wall street analyst explained: \u201cThe future of this field will be hundred times larger than any industry in the world. If you think information technology is a major economic drive, you have not seen anything yet. In information technology you measure by billion dollars but in biotechnology and nanotechnology, you measure by trillion dollars. You do not need a computer to live but when you are sick, when you have cancer or fatal diseases you will need medicine and treatments. By invest in Biotechnology; you are investing in the future. Few years from now biotechnology companies will be much bigger than Google, Microsoft or Facebook combine.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today, these two technologies offer a wide range of careers that are highly sought by the industry. Biotechnology and Nanotechnology jobs are among the highest paid with the highest job satisfaction. These technologies are often associated with innovation, and the developments of new technology, new materials, new drugs, new medical devices new crops, new methods and new solutions etc. Currently there are more jobs in these fields than qualified people to fill them in most developed countries. For future students, if you like science and technology, you may want to consider study Information technology, Biotechnology or Nanotechnology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ba c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh doanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1268","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1268"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1268\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1270,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1268\/revisions\/1270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1268"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1268"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1268"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}