{"id":1266,"date":"2013-07-01T21:25:07","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1266"},"modified":"2013-07-01T21:25:07","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T14:25:07","slug":"giam-dinh-kiem-diem-va-duyet-thao-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1266","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho em s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh). Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh Fagan v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Michael Fagan c\u1ee7a IBM ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu x\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y (ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdp gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i KH\u00d4NG t\u00ecm gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Sau gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i. C\u00f3 phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp theo d\u00f5i n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m tra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed9c duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. (C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c pha \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n) nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i. V\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, bu\u1ed5i duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. L\u00ed do cho bu\u1ed5i duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bu\u1ed5i duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c h\u01a1n duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i t\u1eebng pha trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, hay ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t pha v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ti\u1ebfp sang pha sau. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c hay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y trong blog n\u00e0y, xin \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software inspection, review, and walkthrough<\/p>\n

A student asked me: \u201cCan you tell me the differences between software walkthrough, review, and inspection. Which method is better and why there are so many of them?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: There are several methods to identify defects during the software development. (Review, walkthrough and Inspection) The most effective is software formal inspection or Fagan inspection as it was developed by Michael Fagan of IBM in the 70s. According to this method, inspection must be formal; materials to be inspected must be prepared and meet the inspection entry criteria; and people who inspect must be qualified, as well as the time and place must be arranged ahead of time. There are formal roles for each participant and they must be trained in the method. (Moderator, Recorder, Inspectors, Author as minimum) The participants must review the materials ahead of the meeting (At least few days). The main purpose of the inspection meeting is only to find defects NOT solution. After the inspection, the author of the work (i.e., developer) must rework all defects. There is a follow up session where the inspection moderator, quality assurance or sometime the entire inspection team will review to verify that all defects have been fixed and no additional defects have been introduced.<\/p>\n

Reviews and Walkthroughs are not as formal as Inspection but they are useful and can be used in addition to formal inspections. Basically a walkthrough is a group review of any technical product by people who work on the same project. (It could be programmers, designers, developers, or anyone who may be involved in various phases of the project) to look into someone \u2018s work and made comments regarding defects. As a non-formal, a walkthrough should not include the project managers, the director, or users. The reason for walkthrough is to identify errors as quickly as possible. A walkthrough can take place at anytime and anywhere in the development of a software product.<\/p>\n

A review is more formal than a walkthrough but not as formal as an inspection. Reviews that are usually conducted at the end of each phase in the software development lifecycle such as requirements review, architecture review, or design review. The purpose of reviews is to make sure that everything that need to be done in a lifecycle phase are done so developers can go on to the next phase. As a general checking point, it may not catch errors as an inspection. Review does involve the project manager, the director or customers and users.<\/p>\n

I have written in detail about these methods in this blog, please read them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho em s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa duy\u1ec7t th\u1ea3o, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-va-dap","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1266"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1267,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1266\/revisions\/1267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}