{"id":1263,"date":"2013-07-01T19:01:38","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T12:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1263"},"modified":"2013-07-01T19:01:38","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T12:01:38","slug":"hai-khuynh-huong-trai-nguoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1263","title":{"rendered":"Hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n (18 t\u1edbi 30) tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng nhau, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thanh ni\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o cho h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean l\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 25%. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 chao \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra h\u00f4m nay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.” \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa cung c\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, cho d\u00f9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 TCS, Wipro, v\u00e0 Infosys ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nay, n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p 40,000 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 20%. Ch\u1ec9 trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam 20,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cao. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cNh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u0111em th\u00eam c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o.\u201d Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00e1u: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. C\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c hay k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c: Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu nh\u1eadp t\u0103ng l\u00ean gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng “Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch thu nh\u1eadp nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee9 ngh\u00e8o \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Google hay Facebook, l\u00e0m $120,000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng $40,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o. L\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng.\u201d Khi anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, anh ta c\u00e1u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng ai gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nh\u00e0. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee3i th\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u01a1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ec9. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai l\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 may th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u00e8o; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh doanh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n hay ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mua v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn \u1edf M\u0129. Nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00e2ng l\u00ean cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf ra kh\u1ecfi ngh\u00e8o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb $80 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng n\u0103m 1997 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m ra tr\u00ean $2000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eebng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 18%\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i: “Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111em h\u1ecd xu\u1ed1ng. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tham lam v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh theo h\u1ecd trong c\u00f9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ec9 ra quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The opposing trends<\/p>\n

According to several economists, the most challenging task for all governments in the next ten years is job creation for their people. This is a serious problem to many countries and if they cannot solve it, the consequence can be devastating. The top issue is the high unemployment among younger people (18 to 30) all over the world. There are several causes for this such as the past U.S. financial crisis and the current European crisis. Together, they have created a serious crisis for the entire world. Young people who are trying to find job for the first time are frustrated and angry since there is no opportunity for them today and in the near future. In some countries youth unemployment is reaching over 25%. It is predicted that there will be many demonstrations that could create more unstable economies and topple governments.<\/p>\n

However, there is another contrary trend such as the growing worldwide demand for highly skilled workers, on which innovation and technology often depends. A representative of the technology industry complained: “We look for the best and the brightest everywhere in the world but only found a few. We have over million jobs opening today but could not find qualified workers.” In India, the demand for software engineers and other technology specialists has far exceeded the current supply, even India have produced half million engineer each year. Companies like TCS, Wipro, and Infosys have to train additional hundred thousands of software developers each year to meet the demand of its outsourcing services that they provide worldwide. At the beginning of this year, five European countries signed special immigration law to allow 40,000 Indian\u2019s software engineer to enter and worked in Europe although their unemployment was reaching 20%. In just six month, they are preparing to add another 20,000 more to meet the high demand. One high level official complained: \u201cThese jobs should go to our people but unfortunately we cannot find any so we have to bring in more Indian software workers.\u201d When asking why, he was angry: \u201cIt is the archaic education system that cannot change to accommodate new technology. There is a big gap between what industry needs and what school teaches, and our people are the victims. Most of our graduates are not qualified for these jobs. They have no knowledge or skills on the new technology because of our slow to change education systems.\u201d<\/p>\n

The high demand for highly educated workers has created another social problem: The growing income disparity between university-graduated employees and those less fortunate. Many economists noted that “Severe income disparity between the rich and the poor is the world’s major risk; it could bring social unrest and create an unbalanced society where the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.\u201d<\/p>\n

An U.S college graduate summarized: \u201cWe all go to four year of college but some get job at Google or Facebook, making $120,000 dollars a year and bonus worth several million dollars when most of us cannot even have job. We would be happy to have job that pay $40,000 a year but there are none. How could a person get paid three times more and a huge bonus when others have nothing? That is absurd and unfair.\u201d When he was asked why there is such a difference, he was angry: \u201cNo one told us about the industry needs, no one told us about career planning, no one explains to us about globalization and emerging technology. We are encouraged to go to college and select whatever field we like. There is no advice on what the future could be. We are told to get educated but never told about the reality of the job market. I study architecture but there is no job in architecture after the housing crisis. They told me it would take ten more years for the housing market to return to normal. I cannot wait another ten years without job.\u201d<\/p>\n

The jobless market is severe all over the world, except India where the rapid economic growth continues unchanged. Their enormous populations, their highly skilled technology workforce should sustain their growth for many decades. One technology leader noted that his business is growing twelve times each year for the past ten years. He said: \u201cPeople think that we know something but as a matter of fact, it is luck. We are poor; we have no capital to invest in manufacturing. There is no government support so each company must do whatever it takes to survive. We invest in our own people and technology because it is an easy business to get in. It does not require a lot of capital or facilities and it is a clean industry. We purchase several hundred computers to start our company and provide programming training to our people. We start out as a code and test company for large software firms in the U.S. Demand continue to rise so we increase our workforce to one thousand, five thousands, twenty thousands and now we reach over one hundred thousand. We help so many people move out of poverty. We started at $80 dollars a month in 1997 but today our people are making over $2000 dollars a month. We expect our business to continue for the next ten years and we predict our year-on-year growth of more than 18%\u201d<\/p>\n

An Indian professor said: “For many years, the U.S and Europe have been doing well but it was their lack of moral and ethic that brought them down. The financial crisis in the U.S and European crisis were both based on greed and unethical behaviors of leaders. We have to learn from this lesson to avoid follow them in the same path. It is the time to show leadership to build and sustain human development by having strong education system that not only focus on science and technology but also moral and ethic. It requires commitment and dedication to rebuild our world and it must start with those at the top.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1263"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1265,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1263\/revisions\/1265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}