{"id":1257,"date":"2013-07-01T18:57:15","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T11:57:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1257"},"modified":"2013-07-01T18:57:15","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T11:57:15","slug":"cong-ti-tot-va-xau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1257","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti x\u1ea5u. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd? C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00ecm ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00ecm ra ai t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Trong c\u00f4ng ti x\u1ea5u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thi\u00ean v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ecd \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng “l\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n” hay “\u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1edfng”.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. Trong c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec. C\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb c\u1edfi m\u1edf qua c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn nhau nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1ecb l\u1ee1, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea3o. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1edbi ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf c\u00f4ng ti sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng cho n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung chuy\u1ec3n giao ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y x\u00f4 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, bi\u1ebft ngay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1eeda c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 chuy\u1ec3n giao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Good and bad company<\/p>\n

A software graduate asked me: \u201cWhat is the difference between a good software company and a bad one. How do I distinguish them? Is there any way to find out before I work for them? Please advice.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: The best way is to ask people who work there. Ask developers about their work condition. Find out who are from your school that work there and ask them.<\/p>\n

Bad Software Company is full of bureaucracy and competition. In bad company, managers favor some developers over others by only share important information with their favorite developers. Experienced developers control project activities and protect their positions by get all important works, leaving less experienced team members with trivial works, mostly coding and testing. Developers compete with each other for managers\u2019 attention with the hope of \u201cbetter raise\u201d or \u201cextra bonus\u201d.<\/p>\n

Good Software Company is more dynamic and usually growing fast. In good company, managers have vision and clear direction on what to do. There is a sense of teamwork where team members are helping each others as everyone has a chance to contribute to the common goal of the company. Information and knowledge are often shared openly through constant collaboration. There is no individual hero but only team as developers see each other as partners rather than competitors.<\/p>\n

Bad Software Company is full of pressures caused by missed schedules, missed requirements and unrealistic expectations. Developers only do what they are told by managers. They may spend weeks working on their own to deliver a function but do not want to share information with others. Many work long hours and often in an isolated area. They do not like reviews and often argue with each others to defend their positions. Few are responsible for their works and often delay fixing things until the last minute. Many often leave the company after few months so there are always jobs opening.<\/p>\n

In good software company, developers commit to their works and generally deliver them. They plan works accordingly and follow it at a pace that keeps them finding the best solutions and not rushing to do thing quickly. Testing and integration means taking small steps, knowing immediately if there is any error and never letting defects become unmanageable. Developers support each other when things get difficult. By collaborating they deliver products regularly and get feedback during reviews. They often take a collective responsibility for continually improving their work. They understand that the sooner they fix things, the easier it will be to deliver quality software. Most developers enjoy working there and often stay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti x\u1ea5u. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nha-doanh-nghiep","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1257"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1259,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1257\/revisions\/1259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}