{"id":1235,"date":"2013-07-01T17:32:23","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1235"},"modified":"2013-07-01T17:32:23","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:32:23","slug":"nguoi-quan-li-phan-mem-co-quan-trong-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1235","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a em trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang em: \u201cM\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00e1c anh l\u00e0m ch\u00fang gi\u1ecfi, c\u00e1c anh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d Em mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng em kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh. Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u00ed do t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u01b0 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y hay ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho c\u00f4ng ti, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm m\u00e0 \u0111i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c (thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v.v.) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 chi cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n chi ra, c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u00f3, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i chi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u1ebfu chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cao h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ti d\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Agile kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y Scrum, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1eb7t kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. V\u00ec s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Is software project manager important?<\/p>\n

A graduate wrote to me: \u201cI just start my first job in a small software company. The owner tells us: \u201cEverything we do here is code and test, as long as you do them well, you will have a job here.\u201d I want to explain to him the important of organize work as project and having software project manager but I do not want to offend him. Please advice.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: You are new on the job and it is not your position to tell the owner what to do. He may have reason to focus only on code and test as his business. Before you have a good relationship with him or demonstrate your value to the company, it is too early to express your opinion at this time. You need time to understand the business of the company before making any suggestion. However if you are asked, you may offer a simple explanation like this:<\/p>\n

A software project is an effort to achieve a specific goal within a time limit. Software project needs people to do the work (Design, code, test etc.) and company must pay them for their work. It means that for every project, company must set aside an amount of money to spend on the effort. If the project brings in more money than the amount of money spends, the company makes money. If not the company loses money. Every project has a goal which the project must achieve. If the project achieves it, the project is a success, if not the project fail. Every project has a certain time to achieve its goal. If the project complete on time, the project is a success, if not the company has to spend more money for people to complete the project. The more time, the more money the company has to spend and the higher cost for the project. If the project cost is higher than the amount of money the company can get from customers, the company loses money.<\/p>\n

To reduce the risk of losing money, company needs to have someone to manage the project. Project manager plans the project by estimating how many people is needed and how long they need to complete the project. By having estimates, project manager can request company to set aside some money to be spent on the project accordingly. The project manager makes sure that the project team will achieve the goal within the time and money allowed so the company can be profitable. That is why software work should be organized as project and has a project manager to ensure success instead of just code and test. Without organizing work as project, company owner does not have visibility of progress and cannot monitor work effectively.<\/p>\n

As someone who manages many software projects and manages a large software organization, my opinion is all software projects must have a project manager. I do not believe that projects can be successful without someone responsible and accountable for what is delivered. Of course, in Agile approach there is no role for Project Manager but there are roles of Scrum Master, Product Owner who makes decision on what to be done and ensure the team is fully functional and is effective. It is common sense that a competent project manager will reduce the risk of a failed project. Why put a company business at risk by not having a project manager role?<\/p>\n

Today most software projects are getting bigger and more complex. As the number of activities grows more sophisticated, so does the need for a qualified project manager on the project. An experienced project manager can do much better job in managing a large and complex project than a group of programmers just code and test. In addition, an experienced project manager will more effectively manage the increased level of change that comes with larger and more complex projects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a em trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ecf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1235"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1236,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1235\/revisions\/1236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}