{"id":1220,"date":"2013-07-01T17:16:07","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1220"},"modified":"2013-07-01T17:16:07","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:16:07","slug":"thoi-dai-cua-robots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1220","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a robots"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Chi ph\u00ed s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 v\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng robots, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Amazon m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti b\u00e1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nh\u00e0 kho c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng robots m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p s\u00e1ch, CD, DVD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 kho t\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ed1n tr\u00ean $700 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i “gom, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n” c\u00e1c th\u1ee9. Robots l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng robots \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nhu c\u1ea7u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c robots n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u00a0nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 k\u00ed, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ed du l\u1ecbch, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00ed. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i hay kh\u00e1 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf ra cho t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 r\u1edbt xu\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1i ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecd l\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn cao. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao kinh t\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00ec th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u1edf sau v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ebft c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi robots. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb S\u1edf th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Trong s\u1ed1 10 lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 2020, b\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u1eeb “m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” hay “ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” trong ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf M\u0129.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay robots \u0111ang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam sinh kh\u00ed cho ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m robots \u0111ang sinh l\u1eddi cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong robotics \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t cao. Gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a robots c\u0169ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang l\u00e0m robots v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tin m\u1eebng khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng robots m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o tay robots kh\u00f4ng?\u201d C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee9 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, con s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e1ch. Lo l\u1eafng ch\u00ednh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a robots ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa. Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 k\u00ed, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf s\u1edbm. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng robots k\u1ebf to\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf to\u00e1n ghi ch\u00e9p nhanh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 robot ti\u1ebfp t\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i \u1ea5m \u00e1p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u1edf h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7y t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ATM). C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng robots v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u1eefa. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng robot tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau.<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho nh\u1eefng robots n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18, khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh ra \u1edf Anh, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 the c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang lao \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 khi chu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c v\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 huynh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con em h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay v\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y nay \u201cngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3ng\u201d l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1c quan hay c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bi quan.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The era of the robots<\/p>\n

In this highly competitive world, company must reduce costs, improve quality, and expand business globally. Twenty years ago, to reduce cost means to outsource works to low cost countries. Today to reduce cost means to automate using the latest technology. The number one cost is manufacturing is labor cost and by replacing labor with robots, the company can reduce cost significantly.<\/p>\n

For example, Amazon a company that sell things online reduces its cost by automate its warehouses with robots that can move boxes of books, CD, DVD and other things from warehouse to shipping trucks. The system cost over $700 million dollars but it is more productive than people who have to “pick, pack, and ship” things. Robots work nonstop, never complain, and do not go on strike asking for more money. Today most manufacturing companies in developed countries are beginning to automate and use robots to replace labor workers. It means there will be much less demand for labor workers although high skilled workers are still being hired to control these robots.<\/p>\n

With powerful computer and sophisticated software applications many jobs can be done by software such as secretary, administration, travel agents, finance, accounting, and legal professions. Software can do these things more accurately than people. Any work that is repetitive or fairly well structured is open to automation. Now economists have evidence to explain why U.S. economic output has grown although the number of jobs has fallen. An economist explained: \u201cCompanies are doing well, making more money than before, their outputs are great and productivity is excellent but they do not hire more workers because of automation and robots. They can build things faster, better and cheaper which give them higher profit margin but they are not hiring people and that is why unemployment is still high. This change also impacts many developing countries that depend on outsourcing. That is why China\u2019s economy will be impacted greatly because their economic prosperity is depending on manufacturing outsourcing.\u201d<\/p>\n

The U.S. economy has evolved from agriculture to manufacturing and now to service industries. Each time jobs were destroyed in one sector but were replaced elsewhere. One hundred years ago, farmers lost jobs but manufacturing gained jobs and more people moved to the cities for better opportunities. Thirty years ago many manufacturing jobs moved to low cost countries, factory workers lost jobs but service industry gained jobs. Now it is changing. Manufacturing is back and most factories are operating to full capacity but they are not hiring workers because most jobs are done by robots. That is why unemployment is still high with no sign of getting better. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics provide clues to what the next economy will look like. Among the 10 fastest-growing job categories between 2010 and 2020, seven have the word “computer” or “software” in them. If you do not study technology, you may not have good future, at least in the U.S.<\/p>\n

Today robots are reinvigorating manufacturing. Companies that make robots are highly profitable and graduates in robotics are in very high demand. The price of robots is also going down as more and more companies are making robots and there is good news as more people have access to affordable, powerful robots that can help them and their businesses become more productive. It is estimated that within twenty years, most factories will be fully automated.<\/p>\n

The question is: \u201cAre people losing jobs to robots?\u201d There are people, mostly politicians who complain that since the automation trend began, the number of employment has declined significantly and technology is to blame. The main worry now is with the advancement of sophisticated robots. It is not the lower skills workers who lost jobs but some of the better educated people may lose jobs too. Many jobs in office such as secretary, accountant, finance, banking, and receptionist can easily be replaced soon. There are accountant robots that can calculate tax accounts and do bookkeeping faster than people. There are robot receptionists who would greet customers politely and answer questions in a nice voice. Some airline people whose job checking passenger\u2019s tickets are being replaced by self-service kiosks. Many banks tellers have been replaced by Automatic Teller Machine (ATM). An office worker can be replaced by office robots and cannot find work anymore. An assembly line worker could also be replaced by a robot on the assembly line. Most robots can do things more quickly and accurately than people. With technology keeps advancing faster, more workers are getting left behind.<\/p>\n

In this Information age, the people who benefit most are the scientists, the engineers, the software developers since they are the ones who create, develop and program these robots. There are high demands for them in every country. Of course, as technology is accelerating, there will be consequences but it does not mean technology will be stopped. In the late 18th <\/sup>century when team engine was invented in England, politicians complained and workers destroyed the steam manufactures. Many scientists and engineers moved to the U.S and started to build steam engines in the new land and started the industrial age here. What will happen to technology in this globalized world? Of course, Politicians see thing differently as many begin to complain that the world is heading into a global technology economy that make a lot of people lose jobs. They promise that they would stop this technology if they have voter supports. Most people probably know that nothing will happen. Economists also see thing differently as they warn about the gap between the rich and the poor will continues to grow, and as the standard of living goes down that could lead to more chaos and unstable society. Educators also see thing differently as they understand that changes are part of progress so they advocate that students should understand this trend and parents must make sure that their children\u2019s education is moving toward the technology trends rather than opposite direction. Today \u201cHot careers\u201d are in information technology, computer, engineering, math and science; these are the job that control the technology and not be replaced by technology. Of course, you can see the world with an optimistic view or pessimistic view.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Hai … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1220"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1220\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1221,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1220\/revisions\/1221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}