{"id":1214,"date":"2013-07-01T17:11:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1214"},"modified":"2013-07-01T17:11:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:11:48","slug":"robots-cong-nhan-lao-dong-thu-cong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1214","title":{"rendered":"Robots & c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn thanh ni\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea kh\u0103n g\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 10 t\u1edbi 15 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 \u1edf Foxconn, c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cho Apple, Nintendo, Intel, Nokia, Samsung, v\u00e0 Sony.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb t\u1ef1 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cao nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eadn d\u1eef trong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Terry Guo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Foxconn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng robots b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y chuy\u1ec7n tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0o. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cXu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u1edbi mu\u1ed9n trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed1 Wall n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 trong d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi. Khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, th\u01b0 k\u00ed v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Khi robots \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti sa th\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 robots x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti robot \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c robots \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi tay di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng lasers v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh 160 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9. M\u1ed9t robot c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho hai t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p n\u0103m s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00f4ng ti thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng robots, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00ean n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n trong v\u00f2ng ba n\u0103m. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea9y t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la th\u00eam n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tin vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 tin kh\u00f4ng vui cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Ph\u1ed1 Wall theo d\u00f5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng robotic, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 robots \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 45% n\u0103m 2011 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean 65% n\u0103m nay. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 mua 226,000 robots v\u00e0 n\u0103m nay Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 robots n\u00f3 mua. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng robots kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn coi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh cho n\u00ean t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t robots s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Robots & Labor Workers<\/p>\n

Since the manufacturing outsourcing trend began in late 1990s, China has become the manufacturing center of the world. Every day, thousands of young people from the countryside travel to large cities in search of jobs, mostly in factories. In these crowded places, they worked 10 to 15 hours non-stop which also often led to desperation then suicides. The well known cases were at Foxconn, the electronic company with nearly one million low-wage workers to hand-assemble electronic devices for Apple, Nintendo, Intel, Nokia, Samsung, and Sony.<\/p>\n

In past several years, the number of young workers committed suicides by jumping from several stories high has attracted international news and prompted a lot of angers among people. Last month, Terry Guo, the billionaire owner of Foxconn decided that he would replace his workers with robots because machines could do better, and without any controversial. He said: \u201cThe trend today is to automate everything. Companies in Japan, South Korea, and the U.S already automated their factories already. We are just coming late in this game.\u201d<\/p>\n

A Wall Street analyst said: \u201cAutomation is the beginning of a new era and the end of the low cost labor trend. As more companies are automating their factories, different types of workers will be needed and during this transition, a lot of people will get hurt. People who use their labor skills will be hurting the most as there will be no job for them. This trend is not new. When personal computer emerged, the number of secretary and typists disappeared. When robots were installed in car factories, companies laid off half of their workers. Having robots to build electronic devices is a natural thing.\u201d<\/p>\n

According to a robot company in Japan, special robots with a movable arm equip with lasers and sensors can be operated 160 hours a week nonstop. A single robot can replace two to four workers and improve quality five to six times. When company replaces people with robots, it can expect to increase profit by five to seven times within three years. For a company that make over one billion dollars in profits, this could means five or seven billion dollars more. Of course, this is good news for company owners but bad news for low cost labor workers. According to a Wall Street report that track robotic market, the order for robots in China has increased 45% in 2011 and could jump to 65% this year. Last year, China purchased 226,000 robots and this year China could surpass Japan in the number of robots it buys. However with the economy begins to slow down, replacing people with robots is not a popular thing in China. The government \u2018s economic direction consider employment as essential to maintaining a strong economy so creating jobs is always on top of their policy. Having more technologies, especially robots will not help China\u2019s employment problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb khi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1214"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1215,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1214\/revisions\/1215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}