{"id":1202,"date":"2013-07-01T17:02:06","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1202"},"modified":"2013-07-01T17:02:06","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T10:02:06","slug":"van-de-voi-khoan-ngoai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1202","title":{"rendered":"V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ebd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia, hay Th\u00e1i lan. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kinh doanh h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kinh doanh d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt t\u01b0 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u cho c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong \u0111\u1ee3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cNh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cho th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 sau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y; h\u1ecd sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. H\u1ecd b\u00e1n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 kinh doanh t\u1ed3i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u0111em c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh quan d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 gian l\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103m 2003, c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ra b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sai, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n gi\u1ea3 “\u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.” \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u bo m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1c b\u1ecf qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda do ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cN\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u.\u201d V\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o l\u00fac N\u00f4 en, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00f4i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i: \u201cKhi \u00f4ng l\u00e0m kinh doanh h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 n\u1eefa nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qua th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. S\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd sao ch\u00e9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1n ch\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd ra to\u00e0 v\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kinh ho\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho kinh doanh b\u1edbt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao thu\u00ea m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u0129 khi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea 10 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u201d\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb 10 t\u1edbi 25 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a M\u0129. Khi th\u00eam v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cao th\u00ec ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u00f3n h\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang \u0111em c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i lan. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, do s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn hay h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng khi con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi c\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u hay v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 r\u1ed3i.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The issues with Outsourcing<\/p>\n

In the past twenty years, many manufacturers that wanted to reduce costs would outsource to low-cost countries such as China, Malaysia, or Thailand. Today more companies are realizing that outsource works is not what they think they are getting and doing business overseas is more trouble than it is worth.<\/p>\n

A company owner explained: \u201cMany countries are not ready to do business globally. Outsource is a long term business but they only look at it as short term. They promise a lot but never keep their word, most products are low quality, many materials get lost or stolen, the abuse of low labor workers also create bad image for our company, and many government officials demanded a bribe. That is not what we expected.\u201d<\/p>\n

An industry representative complained: \u201cAs a long term strategy, we trained them, invested in them, and helped them to build products and hope we could do business as partner for a long time. What we did not know was after all these initial investments; they copy our products then created their own companies to compete with us. They sell them at lower price to capture the market. As a result, we now realize that outsourcing is bad business. That is why we are bringing our factories back to the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n

A company owner explained: \u201cThese companies have no long term perspective. They only do whatever to increase profit for themselves, including cheating and falsify documents. Almost every company that outsource have to deal with quality issues. In 2003, my company outsourced works to Chinese company to make electronic circuit board with exacting specifications. But each shipment turned up flawed, with many boards made of the wrong material, or falsely labeled \u201ccertified.\u201d What complicated matter was that we demand high quality boards for our electronic equipments. We needed million of them at a time but we had to reject about half due to poor quality. They kept saying that: \u201cIt is good enough and no one will know.\u201d Since we sell most products in Christmas time, if we do not have enough electronic boards we cannot produce enough products to sell and eventually missed the sales. After several years, we lost a lot of money, our customers were very unhappy about quality so we stop outsource.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another company owner said: \u201cWhen you are doing business oversea, there are logistical issues, language issues, and cultural issues. You have to deal with theft and bribery too but the worst thing is overtime your partners become your competitors. You will find out sooner or later that they copy your products and sell them at lower price. You cannot sue them; take them to court as their laws protect them. Outsourced manufacturing is a horror story.\u201d<\/p>\n

These issues have forced many companies to move production back to the U.S and Europe. Returning works home not only improve the quality but it is also making business less risky. Twenty years ago, average wages in China was about one-tenth of the U.S and Chinese companies often said: \u201cWhy hire one U.S workers when you can have 10 Chinese workers.\u201d\u00a0 Today, the cost of doing business in China has jumped 10 to 25 percent a year, the average wage is about half of the U.S. When adding in shipping and high fuel costs then outsourced manufacturing is no longer a bargain.<\/p>\n

The return of manufacturing production to America and Europe is a surprising factor to their governments. Returning jobs could create new opportunities for thousands of unemployed workers. However, as more companies are bringing work back, it creates an uncertain and fear in low cost countries, especially where the economy is dependent on outsourcing manufacturing such as China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Some economists warn that re-shoring will make the economies of these countries become unstable, due to high number of unemployed workers. An economist said: \u201cGovernment can deal with thousand or hundred thousand unemployed workers but when the number reaching million or several millions then you will have riots. That will create a lot of problems for any government. For many years their people enjoy economic prosperity and suddenly it is gone. If you are not preparing to deal with this situation today, then it may be too late.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ebd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 Trung … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1202"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1203,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202\/revisions\/1203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}