{"id":1199,"date":"2013-07-01T16:53:02","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T09:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1199"},"modified":"2013-07-01T16:53:02","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T09:53:02","slug":"xu-huong-robotic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1199","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng robotic"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng tay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 tivi, m\u00e1y nghe DVD, m\u00e1y nghe MP3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v.v. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111ang ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u hay M\u0129 ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m robots l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng robots n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u1edbi camera video, laser, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 365 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng m\u1edbi c\u00e1c robots \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u01a1i k\u0129 n\u0103ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng t\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd d\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi robots. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u1edbi nh\u1eefng robots n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, trong ph\u1ea1m vi mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y 24 gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, b\u1ea9y ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c robots \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u1edbi \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi robots. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0y nay robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, truy l\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o robot n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng robots \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed-hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t robot ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 qu\u00e3ng $250,000 nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho hai c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm $50,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 8 gi\u1edd, robots l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 24 gi\u1edd cho n\u00ean n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t robot \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 25 t\u1edbi 35 n\u0103m cho n\u00ean mua robot r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tin r\u1eb1ng robotics l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 kinh doanh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed dung robots t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111em c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0o “qu\u00e1 nhanh” v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ea3nh mai hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p bi\u1ec7n minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 trong c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh doanh then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng robots, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong robotics m\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Robots kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho robots v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o robots v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u robots c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t robots cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p n\u1eefa. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang hay s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng robots ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The robotic trend<\/p>\n

If you visit electronics factories in China today, you will see thousands of workers use their hands and small tools to assemble electronic devices such as TV, DVD players, MP3 Players, and mobile phones etc. Electronic factories are thriving with several million labor workers.<\/p>\n

If you visit new and modernized electronic factories in Europe or the U.S. today, you will see hundreds of robots do the same work but much faster, and with better quality. These robots are equipped with video cameras, laser, sensors to guide them in their works and they work 24hours a day, and 365 days a year without any complain. This is not a futuristic scenario as it already happened.<\/p>\n

Today a new wave of robots is replacing labor workers around the world, mostly in manufacturing area where labor skills are utilized. It is predicted that within ten years, factories which employ hundreds of thousands of low-skilled workers will cease to exist and be replaced by automated factories operate by robots. A company owner said: \u201cWith these robots, we can make any consumer device in the world at one-tenth of the cost and with higher quality. It means everything will be cheaper, more affordable for everyone and available to be purchased everywhere in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n

In these modern automated factories, the assembly line can runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and there are robots everywhere with few human workers. All of the heavy lifting, building, assembling and the precise detailed works are done by robots. Most human workers only monitor the assembly line, make sure the work is done properly, inspect the quality and make decision to shift products to customers. Today robots can store, retrieve, and pack products for shipment far more efficiently than people. Robot manufacturers owners say that robots are already more cost-effective than humans. For example, a manufacturing robot cost about $250,000 but it can replace two workers, each earning $50,000 a year. Instead of working 8 hours, robots work 24 hours so its productivity is much better. A typical robot can last 25 to 35 years so it is much cheaper to buy robot than hire people.<\/p>\n

Many industry executives believe that robotics is the right solution and better business than using low skilled workers under stressful situation which often subjected to abuse. The growing usage of robots have created a debate among economists over how quickly manufacturing jobs will be lost. Several economists argued that we should not bring in technology \u201ctoo fast\u201d as it will devastate the current fragile global economy and put million of people out of work. But business owners argued that automation will give them more advantages over others and in this global competitive, control the market is the key business strategy. An electronic company owner said: \u201cWe cannot compete with low cost labor from developing countries. They can build the same thing at lower cost and capture the market. But if we use robots, we can compete with them in both quality and cost.\u201d<\/p>\n

A technology analyst explained: \u201cThere are many technology issues in robotics that will take years to solve. Robots cannot do everything as expected. They still need people to control them. We need people to program the robots and direct the robots on what to do. From the economic point of view, having automation and robots are not about losing jobs but a change in skills. We do not need people to do what robots can do but we need people to control robots so it means we need more technical people such as engineers and computer specialists. Of course, we do not need low skills labor workers anymore. We are living in an information age where technology impacts everything. If people do not have the right skills or willing to learn new skills, they will not have jobs. In this globalize world, every country is compete against each other for jobs and skilled workers. There are plenty of jobs available but most require college education.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond the technical challenges and the issue about job lost, the current automation trend of using robots means many manufacturing jobs that were outsourced few years ago are returning to the U.S and Europe and it could created a devastating effect in countries that are heavily dependent on outsourced manufacturing jobs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00f9ng tay v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1199"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1201,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1199\/revisions\/1201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}