{"id":1188,"date":"2013-07-01T16:38:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T09:38:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1188"},"modified":"2013-07-01T16:38:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T09:38:29","slug":"chia-se-kinh-nghiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1188","title":{"rendered":"Chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Luis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, anh ta quay l\u1ea1i th\u0103m t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb anh ta chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a anh ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a anh ta:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong ba n\u0103m th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong h\u01a1n 2 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng ba c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 28 tu\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ng\u1ed3i trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi t\u00f4i t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p? T\u00f4i xin v\u00e0o v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd cho t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1eddi t\u00f4i t\u1edbi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u1eebng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean. Th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an ninh v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ch\u00fat \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u. D\u1ec5 \u0111i l\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn.\u201d V\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean ba tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft hay v\u00e0 t\u00f4i h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau ba n\u0103m, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea5y t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Khi t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u1edbi gi\u1edd trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i? Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng coi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng hay ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p hay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec. T\u00f4i coi k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n khi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Qua th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean cho b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc th\u00ec b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ecfi l\u00ean nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00ecm b\u1ea1n xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n l\u00ed, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam ch\u00fat ti\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd sang vi\u1ec7c kia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. Sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng ti t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y khi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111ang h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, trong chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho n\u00ean gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc, gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sharing experience<\/p>\n

Luis is a former student who graduated five years ago. Last week, he came back to visit me so I asked him to share his experience with my students. Following is his story:<\/p>\n

\u201cI graduated five years ago; I worked as a software developer for three years then got promoted to project manager. I have been managing software projects for over 2 years and had four projects; one did not do well but three were successful. I learned a lot during this short time so I would like to share my experience with you.<\/p>\n

I am only 28 years old so I cannot say that I know a lot because there are much more to learn. Five years ago, I was just like you sitting in class and wondered what kind of job should I get when I graduate? I applied to several companies and hoped that maybe one would give me an interview. However, all of them called me for interview and I got three job offers. Each offered company had certain advantages and disadvantages so I asked my professor for advice. He told me: \u201cWorking for large company is secured and comfortable but you may not learn much and it takes time to move up. Working for small company is little risky but you will learn a lot. It is easier to move up in small company than big company.\u201d With that advice, I decided to join a small software company that only had over three hundred people. Just like my professor said, there were lot of works and we were very busy but I did well. My code was always clean without any defect. My document was nicely written and I got along well with all team members. That got managers\u2019 notice and just after three years, they promoted me to software project manager.<\/p>\n

My idea of project manager is a person who understands how to solve problems for customers. That means you must work with customer to understand their needs then create a vision for the project and communicate it to everyone. It is about soft-skills of communication and relationship building. A project manager must know how to work with different types of people. You have to work with customers, who always want a lot of things but do not want to pay money. You have to work with the company owner who always put pressure on meeting schedule. You also have to work with developers who want to do everything perfect but do not pay much attention to the schedule. It is not easy if you do not have patience and motivation for success.<\/p>\n

While good project manager should have technical skills but I found that I need business skills and soft-skills more. Since the school does not teach these skills, I must learn them by myself so I learned by watching how other people do that. I observed how other project managers deal with customers, managers and team members. Some did well but some did not. When I saw something that I did not know, I asked so I also learned by asking questions. I know that every project have a start date and an end date so I always focus to the end date and the product that I must deliver to customers. As technical person I know that I must solve problems but as a business person, I know that I must do that within a limited time too. I know that the success of the project does not necessarily come from just meeting schedule, but also having the best quality to meet customer\u2019s expectation.<\/p>\n

What have I learned so far in my short time? First I learned about how to work with people. Every project needs software developers who design, code, and test something. They also have to change and fix things. It is the people that make the project success so as a project manager I learned to treat them fairly. I did not consider myself as their boss but their friend. We work together as a team where everyone is equal. I always explained what I did and often asked them for opinion. When the project was under pressure, I actually help in code and test to whoever needs the most to keep thing progressing. I learned by treating people with respect and listen to their concerns. I know that if they like to work for me than I will have more chance for success. I can have good idea or good solution but without good people, I cannot do anything. I considered people skill is the most important skill over all.<\/p>\n

There are many books about project management but no one can learn from books and become good manager. No one can be good manager if they do not fail at least few times when managing project. The first time you manage a project, you make many mistakes. Each time you do a new project, you also make many mistakes. It is the only way to learn important lessons and gain experience. We all begin our career full of ambitions and think we can do a lot but that is the naivety of youth. We do not know what is possible and what is impossible. Over time, you start learning more about project management when you practice it and this is where you really learn something. You start to understand what is important and what is not then making connections between things that seems not obvious to you but they are very important. You learn to listen to others for their opinions. Only by listening and willing to learn then you become better as a leader. When people are willingly to work for you, or even seek you out for advices then you are successful.<\/p>\n

I was raised ethical, with high moral and socially conscious. My parents taught me to be honest with everything and create value that makes the world a better place. I know many young people only think about making money and nothing else and that is why they have difficulty in their lives. They often switch jobs to get a little more money. They jump from job to job without learning anything well enough. After few years, they have high salary but no skills then eventually they worry about losing job. I believe that by working hard and constantly learning new things, I can make myself more valuable to the company that I work for. I always have this attitude when I was a developer and I still feel exactly the same today.<\/p>\n

I feel very proud to call myself a project manager. The fact is I am not perfect because I am still learning but at least the last three software projects that I managed were delivered to customer on time, within cost and without any problem. Many developers want to work for me and my team is growing from twenty to fifty people. My next project is challenging but that will not stop me from continuing my learning and come up with good results. My last advice: All of you have selected software as a field to study and this is a field with wonderful opportunities. All of you have a career that will last many years in the future. Developing career is a long journey so keep on learning, keep a positive attitude and be humble then you will do well.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Luis l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, anh ta quay l\u1ea1i th\u0103m t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1188"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1190,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1188\/revisions\/1190"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}