{"id":1156,"date":"2013-07-01T15:57:42","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1156"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:57:42","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:57:42","slug":"hoc-bang-viec-hoi-cac-cau-hoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1156","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh, “Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?”, “M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?” \u201cL\u00e0m sao m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc?\u201d Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 h\u1ecdc.\u201d N\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1o ra t\u00f2 m\u00f2 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi, l\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh t\u00f2 m\u00f2 trong h\u1ecdc sinh r\u1ed3i cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. H\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u00e0i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 cho h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u00ec h\u1ecd nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hay b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. H\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi l\u1eabn nhau hay h\u1ecfi th\u1ea7y. H\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd n\u00ean h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh trong theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh. Trong ki\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ghi nh\u1edb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u hay c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc; h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc; c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. V\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Socrates n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u1ea5y.\u201d M\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o hay h\u1ecdc sinh. Duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning by asking questions<\/p>\n

University teachers often ask themselves, “Is my teaching effective?”, “What could I do better?”, \u201cHow can I improve my teaching?\u201d The teaching method that most teachers are taught is based on the tradition that \u201cteachers teach and students learn\u201d. It is a one-way transmitting of knowledge. It is concentrating on the teaching, but not on the learning.<\/p>\n

However, learning can happen without teachers. Some students can learn by themselves. We all learn many things by observation, by making mistakes and by actually doing something. These types of learning often stay with us and we call them experience. We may forget what we are taught in school but we never forget our experience. The question is instead of focusing on the teaching, should we place our priority on the student\u2019s learning? The best ways to improve teaching is to focusing on how students are learning and this is the essence of active learning.<\/p>\n

Active learning starts with questioning. Questioning creates curiosity that leads into the need to know. It is better for the teacher to ask, to stir the curiosity in students then allows them to come up with the answer. Students can discuss with each other to find the answer, and sometime come up with several possible answers. It is the class discussion that leads to understanding and better learning. That is why it is important for students to read course materials before go to class so class time can be used for discussion and learning. Some students are not familiar with this approach. Some want to be taught as they are passively listening to what teachers say. They try to memorize as much as they can so they can pass the test. That is not learning but memorizing. Without learning; without a profound knowledge of the subject, many will have difficulty in applying what they know to solve problems. There are many people with high degrees but cannot even solve simple problem. They can recite a lot of theories and formulas but they do not know how to apply them. Most of the time they have to rely on someone to do that for them. Sometime that person may not have the education or the degree but they can solve problems and make decision for their bosses.<\/p>\n

It is important for students to learn by asking questions. They should learn to ask each other or the teachers. They should question the ideas and the information from the course materials. They should question the answers of their own and of others. Learning is a journey in pursuit of answers, not for what they agree to, but for the new questions they may raise. In this type of active learning, teachers facilitate the discussion among students to ensure that they come up with the answers, not just one answer but maybe several. That will broaden the knowledge and students will learn that there could be more than one correct answer. In this case, they will learn to analyze to identify the \u201cbest answer\u201d for that situation.<\/p>\n

University should not be a place for those who learn by memorizing materials. University should be a place for those who learn by asking questions and pursuit the answers. There are more answers than just a correct answer and by understood that there may be more than one answer, students will learn more. Of course, not all students know the same things or have the same levels of understanding that is why students have much to learn from teachers. But teachers are learners too; they learn by helping students and understand how students learn; how students come up with the answer. For every learner there are always more things to learn; there are things you already known and thing that \u00a0is still unknown. Nobody knows everything. Thousand years ago, Socrates told his students: \u201cThe only thing I know is I do not know much.\u201d A great philosopher and learners like him admitted that he did not know much than there is no way that we can say that we have all of the answers.<\/p>\n

Only by asking questions and seeking answers, new ideas may be formed, new discoveries are made, new innovations are developed. This creation of new knowledge is important to all of us, whether you are the teacher or the student. Only by asking questions and try to come up with the answers more learning will happen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh, “Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng?”, “M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng?” \u201cL\u00e0m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1156"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1158,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1156\/revisions\/1158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1156"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1156"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1156"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}