{"id":1151,"date":"2013-07-01T15:52:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1151"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:52:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:52:05","slug":"lua-chon-linh-vuc-hoc-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1151","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00e0m theo vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh, c\u1ea1nh tranh kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd se \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi khi nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n theo m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti coi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 xin vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng, lang thang \u0111i quanh \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n n\u00f3 sau ch\u00fat th\u1eddi gian, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecd th\u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp sai, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1eadm khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, lo\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1eddi gian \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sau t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p hai ki\u1ec3u b\u1eb1ng: b\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. B\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. B\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t cho sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 trong lu\u1eadt, d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v.v… N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a sai. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 th\u1ebf \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean internet, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1edb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng cho sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Selecting fields of study<\/p>\n

In the past, few college students have to plan for their careers because life is simple. If they go to college and get a degree, they can find a job, then go to work on that job for the rest of their life. Today thing is more complex with globalization, fast changing technologies, economic competition, and more people compete for fewer jobs. Therefore, college students must carefully plan their career, get guidances to select the right field of study, obtain the right skills to find a good job. They will change job several times in their life by continuously learning new skills as demand changes.<\/p>\n

Although students are idealists, they need to balance their ideas with reality. If they want to follow their dream, they need to balance it with the reality of making a living. Students need to understand that there is a difference between a degree and skills. The degree is not a guarantee for a job. It is only a key to unlock the opportunity door but it is their skills that allow them to seize the opportunity. Most companies consider degree is a requirement to apply for job but they hire people based entirely on their skills to do the job.<\/p>\n

Today most good jobs require specific skills. Many skills did not even exist ten years ago. This requires students to investigate and identify industry needs before select their fields of study. Many college students tend to go to school, wandering around to see what interests them, select a field of study to try, then switch it a few times, before settled in a field that they like. Without clear direction, they may waste time and miss a good opportunity. If they select the wrong field of study, they may have difficulty after graduation.<\/p>\n

The best thing to do is to prepare as early as possible before they enter college or as late when they begin college. They must select the field of study that offers them the best chance to achieve their goal. They should understand what kind of job they can get, what kind of salary they can make, and what jobs will be available when they graduate. Selecting a right field of study does not guarantee a job but it can make their time in college better as they have a clear direction with defined career paths after graduation.<\/p>\n

Most colleges offer two types of degree: Career-oriented degree and General degree. Career-oriented degree focuses on preparing students for specific careers. For example, computer science or nursing gives students the technical skills and knowledge they need to work as a software developer or a nurse. General degree gives students an overview of many subjects for their knowledge enrichment. Students who study in the general degree areas do not build technical skills for a specific profession, but learn valuable knowledge in the ability to do many things creatively. If they choose general areas, they will take classes in a wide variety of subjects such as literature, history, arts, sociology, economics, political science, government, and philosophy to enrich their life. This foundation can help them to move into careers in laws, teaching, social workers, government offices, or scholarly research. Career-oriented fields of study require students to take courses in a specific area. These areas often have more course requirements than the general areas. For example, an engineering degree would require students to take courses in math, technology, physics and engineering etc… If they choose a career-oriented field, their career path is defined as they know what kind of job they can get and what industry they will work after graduation.<\/p>\n

Even today, many college students only have a vague notion of what fields of study to choose. Many do not know their strengths and weaknesses or careers most suitable for them. According to a college study, many first year students go to college without direction; they cannot make decision because they are confused. Without clear goals and determination they often make wrong choices. With so many information available in schools, in the news, and on the internet, there is no excuse for not knowing. It is important for students to do research and work with school career counselors to make the right selection. It is their future and it is their choice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u00edt sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1151"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1152,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1151\/revisions\/1152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}