{"id":1143,"date":"2013-07-01T15:46:07","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:46:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1143"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:46:07","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:46:07","slug":"kinh-nghiem-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1143","title":{"rendered":"Kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u01b0a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0,<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a em. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9 ba th\u00ec em nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u1edf CMU \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho em. Khi c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a em c\u00f3 m\u1edf ra vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, em \u0111\u00e3 xin l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec. Em \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n trong n\u0103m n\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u em \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ec th\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00e0m chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, em hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Khi t\u00f4i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, t\u00f4i sung s\u01b0\u1edbng khi ai \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 sau r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tranh c\u00e3i nhau th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3; cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 \u0111i tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau su\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u00edt. H\u1ecd th\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m sao l\u00e3ng t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u1eddi gian qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf mang theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ecdi l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ebfm khi theo n\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00e0m s\u1edbm bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng trong khi c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sao l\u00e3ng. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u00f4i s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111em vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho n\u00f3 v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd tranh c\u00e3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c che m\u1edd ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m khi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, khi c\u1ea7n; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00f4i n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef trong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u1eafng nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn khi h\u1ecd sai h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00f4i b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tin c\u1eady b\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trao cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ecfi. Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y. L\u1eafng nghe l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng nghe, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hay nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa. Xin nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe k\u0129 th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch l\u1eafng nghe b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ai \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb l\u1edbp hay t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch v\u1edf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong n\u0103m n\u0103m l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project management experience<\/p>\n

Dear Professor,<\/p>\n

When graduated I always thought that I could write code for the rest of my career. It was until my third year that I realized that I could do more than just writing code and the training in your courses at CMU opened new opportunity for me. When my company had an opening in software project manager, I applied and got it without any difficulty. I have been working as project manager for five years and this short letter is about the things I have learned as project manager. Since you often asked working graduates to share experience with current students, I hope that my letter may benefit some students who someday will manage software project.<\/p>\n

The first thing that I have learned as a project manager is to select team member carefully. When I first became a manager, I was happy when someone wanted to work for me. I learned later that not all people were sincere and had good intention. If they did not work well with other, then it will hurt the whole project. Teamwork is complicated, and productivity has a lot to do with teamwork. Having team members argue really hurts productivity for everyone. You need to be very careful with people that have bad attitude; even they are skilled in their field. It is not worth to have skilled people argue with each other all the time. You also must be careful with people who talk too much but do less work. They like to talk about themselves and other things than actually do the work. Although it may seem that they do not have bad intention but they often distract the team.<\/p>\n

As project manager, you will be very busy. You will not have much time for anything else as you will have many small tasks that add up and take away your precious time. That is why managing time is an important skill to have. You should have a small notebook to carry with you all the time to take note and keep a schedule. I know many people have a schedule but rarely follow it because it changes often. It is true, but without it you will be lost. You need to have a notebook to remind you of things to do. You will not remember everything. The point is it will help you to think about what you do with your time, what you could do with your time, and what you should do with your time. I often go to work early in the morning while the rest of my team has not arrived so I have no distractions. I also organize my tasks for that day and makes sure I will finish all of them before leaving work because I do not want to take any work home.<\/p>\n

Every project is unique and every project will have problem. It is important to be prepared for it because team members will argue, some may leave the project and other problems will come up, and as project manager you must solve it before it became a big problem. You will need to remain calm to see the problem clearly and do not let other opinions to cloud your judgment. You must learn to look at things from the perspective of the other person and have sympathy when dealing with emotional issue. You do not want to force your decisions on others, when needed; you must start with a team discussion and learn to listen to their concern. Even you are the project manager but it is better to involve the team in decision making. It will make the team feel comfortable with you and a team decision is better than one person\u2019s decision.<\/p>\n

Some people believe project manager is a high position but to me it is only a role that you play in your career. Role will change with time so you need to be humble. You will meet many people who are better than you and some will be much more skilled than you. You must be honest and do not pretend to know things when you do not. You may be wrong so you must learn to listen and appreciate people who could help you. Everyone will respect people who can admit when they are wrong than someone who insist that they are always right. Do not let your ego get you into an argument and your team. You should learn to trust your team, and your team should be able to trust you. The best way to build trust with your team is to actually trust them first. Giving team members important responsibilities lets them know that you trust them, and they will likely trust you.<\/p>\n

Managing projects is a big challenge and not everyone can be a project manager. You must start with technical skills first and learn as much as you can before stepping up to project management. Without good technical skills you will never become a good project manager. No one wants to work for an incompetent manager. If you want to be a good manager you need to observe how a good manager works. Every company has some good managers so you must seek them out and learn from them.<\/p>\n

Even you are busy but you must make time for your team. If a team member wants to see you, he may have something to tell you. It will become more important as your project grows. Sometime team member can predict an issue before it happens and you need this type of information. Listening is a skill that few people have and you need to learn this skill. Most soft-skills trainings focus on presentation skill and communication skill but ignore listening, it is a big mistake. You may speak eloquently, you may be a good presenter but without listening well, you will not go far. Please take my advice, be humble and listen well than you will be successful. If you can only one soft skill, you should learn how to listen because without listening to others, it is easy to become bias with your own ideas then you can become a dictator and in that case no one want to work for you.<\/p>\n

I hope that this short letter may help some of you. I do not mention about technical aspect because that is something you can learn from class or from books but these soft skills are what I have learned in my five years of managing software project.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u01b0a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p em bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1144,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1143\/revisions\/1144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}