{"id":1138,"date":"2013-07-01T15:42:54","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:42:54","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:42:54","slug":"viec-cua-nguoi-quan-li-he-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1138","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng? Em b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edf ra li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau.”<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti (trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay CNTT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean quan). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh chung v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chung m\u00e0 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 CNTT v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. (Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Unix, Linux, Novel v\u00e0 Microsoft Windows.) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (sao l\u01b0u, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1) v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an ninh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, ch\u1ed1ng virus). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t cho chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean an ninh, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 ba vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 sao l\u01b0u, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m sao l\u01b0u m\u1ecdi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ti. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng cho c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 duy tr\u00ec hub, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i c\u00e1p trong to\u00e0 nh\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0 qui ch\u1ebf \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb an ninh m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 an ninh tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m truy nh\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an ninh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Web duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 (nh\u01b0 Apache hay IIS) cho ph\u00e9p truy nh\u1eadp n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 hay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1m web. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1m, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb an ninh, v\u00e0 l\u1eadp c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Web l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

Tu\u1ef3 theo k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khi s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Information System Manager’s job<\/p>\n

A student asked: \u201cWhat is the different between an Information System Manager, a System Administrator, a Database Administrator, a Network Administrator? I am confused on these terms as many job openings list them differently.”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Answer: An Information Systems Manager manages the entire operation a computing system for a company (Data or IT center and the related network infrastructure). He is responsible for the general operation and maintenance of the hardware systems and the software that runs on them. Most Information System Managers work for the Chief Information Officer (CIO) or IT Director to support the alignment of Information Technology (IT) and business to make sure that it can help the company business to achieve its financial goals and market performance. Information System Manager must make sure that IT system is operating as expected and provide business value to the company.<\/p>\n

The Information System Manager is not a programmer or software developer, although he has a general programming knowledge which would allow him to write basic scripts for administrative tasks but most Information System Managers do not program. His knowledge of programming help him to understand IT problems and how computers work with the software running on them. His main job is to manage and make sure that the IT system is working properly. In order to do that, he needs to have knowledge of the operating systems. (For example, Unix, Linux, Novel and Microsoft Windows.) He also needs to have good knowledge of the software running on the computers and how they interact with other computers and servers on the network.<\/p>\n

Information System Manager often works with other technical specialists such as System Administrator to make decision on system performance (Backup, storage, optimization) and Security Specialist to make decision on the security of the system (Firewall, anti-virus,). Most large companies have separate positions for a Security Specialist, and System Administrator but for small companies, an Information System Manager may have to do all three roles such as managing the backup, install firewalls and computer security.<\/p>\n

A Database administrator is responsible to the managing and upkeep of the company’s databases. This job requires an in depth knowledge of the database software implemented by the company as well as be responsible for the backing up of all the company data. Most Data administrators work for the Information System Manager.<\/p>\n

The Network administrator is responsible for the network infrastructure for the company such as maintaining hub, switches and routers as well as the cabling in the building. This job requires an in depth knowledge of the rules and regulations that apply to the physical network infrastructure. The network security administrator is also responsible for the security on the network, which would include the physical access to the server room. He is responsible for the firewall and the maintenance of the security system. Most network administrators work for the Information System Manager.<\/p>\n

The Web administrator maintains web server services (such as Apache or IIS) that allow for internal or external access to web sites. Tasks include managing multiple sites, administering security, and configuring necessary components and software. Most Web administrators work for the Information System Manager.<\/p>\n

Depending on size of the company, one person may be responsible for more than one of the above positions. However, in most companies, there is a distinct separation of responsibilities as some jobs require special technical knowledge and skills when other is focusing mostly on business and management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cKh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1140,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions\/1140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}