{"id":1136,"date":"2013-07-01T15:40:18","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1136"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:40:18","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:40:18","slug":"xu-huong-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1136","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c robots \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e1y ATM \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, email \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf cho th\u01b0 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n v.v. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1ea3o qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet, cho n\u00ean thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ea3y sinh do vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, M\u0129 s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu 1.5 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1eeba ra tr\u00ean 6 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t 8.2 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba 23 tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi v\u1ecdng g\u00ec trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed do c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i ch\u1eadm \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, con s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong thanh ni\u00ean T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi 45 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. T\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m trong th\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. S\u1eeda nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 robots trong c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e2u h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n. \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111ang gi\u00e0 \u0111i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Khi nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec3n trong kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i trong kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y mai. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Singapore v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c coi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh qu\u1ed1c gia. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung sang gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p sinh vi\u00ean xem vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn. Khi t\u00f4i \u1edf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, t\u1eeb ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi internet. Khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ea1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd. Sau khi th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Singapore v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p cho n\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 robots, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi n\u1eefa; nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea1nh tranh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ra ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p sang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. C\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd cho c\u00f4ng ti \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1ebd th\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Future trend<\/p>\n

Today Information technology has changed the way business is conducted. For example robots are replacing labor workers in factories, ATMs are replacing bank tellers, email is replacing post office mails etc. Many works today can be done virtually with internet connections, so instead of workers have to move to where the jobs are, with technology works can be moved to where skilled workers live.<\/p>\n

To take advantage of this trend, technology education is important. However, many college students are not aware of the trend and continue to enroll in areas that are no longer in demand resulting in oversupply of certain skills and shortage of others. All over the world, it is clear that today most jobs will require a college education in specific technical skills. Workers without college education or even college graduates without specific technical skills will be at a disadvantage.<\/p>\n

The difference between people with skills and without skills has created a dilemma for many countries. The U.S government predicts that by 2020, the U.S will be short of 1.5 million workers with college degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) but at the same time will have surplus of over 6 million labor workers who only have high school education. The situation is worst in Europe, with a shortage of 8.2 million highly skilled college workers and an oversupply of 23 million workers who do not have the skills.\u00a0 If this situation continues, many countries will face shortage of skilled workers needed for economy growth but a huge number of permanently unemployed people with no hope in the future.<\/p>\n

The reason technical skills are in short supply because technology changes fast but schools are slow to adjust to meet the demand. Because technology impacts the way companies are operating, the demand for skilled workers will continue to increase all over the world. At the same time, the growing number of unemployed youth poses a serious long-term challenge. Young people who cannot find work suffer life-long poverty. For example, unemployment among Spanish and Greek youth has risen close to 45 percent, which have led to a crisis in Europe and could spread to many nearby countries. Creating employment for these unskilled people is difficult. It will require a lot of retraining which is expensive in a bad economic time. Fixing skills demand will take longer time and may not be enough to put all of today’s unemployed back to work.<\/p>\n

With globalization manufacturing works have been outsourced to lower cost countries so there are fewer labor jobs available. The application of automation and robots in factories require different kinds of skills which many people do not have. The financial crisis also forces older workers to stay on the job longer instead of retiring so there are fewer jobs for younger workers. In Europe the population is aging rapidly and without strong workforce, the economy cannot grow. As a result, most European countries will face a long-term jobs problem that they will not be able to solve adequately. As the demand slows down, there will be less consuming and less works to be outsourced which also impact developing countries. This situation creates a chain reaction in the economy of developing countries that rely on outsourcing works. We are beginning to see a slowdown in the economies of China and Asian countries with factories closing and huge number of unemployed workers. It will have more devastating impacts in years to come.<\/p>\n

There is no easy solution for this situation as the whole world is interconnected and economic event in one country will have impacted others. However, there are countries that have prepared their citizens to make sure that they are ready for the jobs of tomorrow. For example, Singapore and S. Korea consider technology education as the fundamental importance for national competitiveness. They have improved primary and secondary education by adding more technology and math trainings into the curricula and overhauling their university education systems. Governments have funded technology research and trainings by shifting budget from general education to technology education. These countries have a national jobs database to allow students to see what jobs are in high demand and what degrees are needed. They also promote entrepreneurship and innovation, catalyzing investment in technology infrastructure, and streamlining regulatory approval processes. When I was in S. Korea, I was amazed at the high number of students enrolled in information technology and engineering. A professor told me: \u201cWe have been preparing for the past ten years. All of our schools, from elementary, high school, to college are completely connected to the internet. Science, Technology, Math and Engineering are required courses at all levels, and English language is strongly encouraged.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a global economy, companies will continue to seek skilled workers wherever they can find them. After seeing what happened in Singapore and S. Korea, I know where they can find them. In the past, companies are looking for low cost labors so India and China are the best places but the rule has changed. With automation technology and robots, low cost labor is no longer needed; the new demand is having technology skilled workers.<\/p>\n

When the critical resource is technical skills, companies that can find a good supply of highly qualified workers with special skills will outperform competitors who cannot. This will require finding places that have the best education system with abundant of skilled workers. The future of outsourcing will move from low labor to skilled labor, especially in specific technology area. Having skilled workers will give the company a competitive advantage and helps enable its rapid growth. In the coming years, companies that can build up a workforce of the best trained and motivated workers will win and so will the economies in which these workers live.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch kinh doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c robots \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ee7 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1136"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1139,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1136\/revisions\/1139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}