{"id":1130,"date":"2013-07-01T15:28:10","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:28:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1130"},"modified":"2013-07-01T15:28:10","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T08:28:10","slug":"khi-nao-thoi-kiem-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1130","title":{"rendered":"Khi n\u00e0o th\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang em th\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang em bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i?”<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i hay ch\u01b0a. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ph\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ed7i hay kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ra l\u1ec7nh d\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, hay \u00edch l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed an ninh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i qui m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v.v.. T\u1eebng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea5u x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1t t\u1edbi n\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi qui tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 cho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When to stop testing?<\/p>\n

A software tester asked me: \u201cWhen should we stop testing? How do we know that we have thoroughly tested the software to achieve zero defects?”<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In theory, testers should stop testing until all defects are found and fixed. Of course, it is impossible because no one would know whether all defects have been removed or not. Therefore, testers must stop testing at some time to deliver software to customer.<\/p>\n

Testing is a keeping a balance between cost, time, and quality. It is often dictated by a management view on schedule. The approach is to stop testing whenever scheduled time or budgeted cost is reached. Project managers often order to stop testing based on the schedule to deliver software, regardless whether it still has defects or not. Sometime it is also dictated by management view on quality. Project managers order to stop testing when the software meets all requirements, or the benefit from continuing testing cannot justify the testing cost. It will usually require having several quality tests to evaluate the software. Quality tests consist of functional test, reliability test, performance test, security test, and scalability test, etc… Each test requires running the software and collect data to ensure that no failure or bad data happened. To have perfect software or zero defect would require more testing and it may take a long time so it does not make sense to achieve it for most software development.<\/p>\n

From the practical view, \u201cZero defects\u201d concept is an unattainable goal. To achieve it means that every process, every step should be designed perfectly so that it is impossible to produce defect. As far as I know, no software company has ever achieved zero defects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cKhi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang em th\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed? L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang em bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang em \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1132,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130\/revisions\/1132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}