{"id":112,"date":"2013-06-17T13:05:04","date_gmt":"2013-06-17T06:05:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=112"},"modified":"2013-06-21T11:10:44","modified_gmt":"2013-06-21T04:10:44","slug":"hoc-van-so-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=112","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 “H\u1eccC V\u1ea4N” nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 “H\u1eccC V\u1ea4N S\u1ed0 TH\u1ee8C” nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy nh\u1eadp, d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n “tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p “tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.” Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng “h\u01b0\u1edbng theo ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.” Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qua m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa. V\u1edbi “h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c,” t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (\u1ea3nh, video, phim ng\u1eafn) thay cho b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khan l\u00e0 website gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tr\u00ean hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t \u1edf trung h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n theo k\u1ecbp trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00ed, khoa h\u1ecdc v.v., \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 website t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 v\u00e0i M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edf tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) cho sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Udacity, edX, v\u00e0 Coursera v.v. v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi danh, h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.udacity.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.edx.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “H\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c” m\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u01a1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi, MOOC l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00e1c “c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c” v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lo ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 “gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi,” trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngang quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi? T\u1ea1i sao cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n g\u00ec?\u201d Cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Google, Microsoft, v\u00e0 Facebook \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb MOOC. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i; ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea h\u1ecd t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3u ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thay v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c chung, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean trong kinh doanh s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tranh c\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00ec h\u1ecd tin gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c chung n\u1eefa. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc “chung ” \u0111\u00e3 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t trong khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u01afu th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “H\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c” thay cho \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp qua vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Sinh vi\u00ean th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qua t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m “\u0111\u1eddi th\u1ef1c” v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 qua vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n “ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c” sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho sinh vi\u00ean trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng “h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh.”\u00a0B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi t\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a MOOC l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n cho t\u1edbi b\u00e0 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00edch qua website nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u00e0i gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y trong MOOC v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd h\u00e1o h\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u Phi, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean theo d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u01afu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o theo thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1nh r\u1ed3i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00edch nghi thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh, s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m con v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i tin c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 hai c\u1ea3 \u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Digital literacy<\/p>\n

All over the world, education systems are undergoing significant change. With globalization and advancement in Information Technology, education is no longer about \u201cLITERACY\u201d as defined in the past such as ability to read, write and understand general concepts but about \u201cDIGITAL LITERACY\u201d as defined as the ability to access, use, and understand science and technology concepts.<\/p>\n

In the past, elementary and high school educations were focused on the development of \u201cfundamental knowledge\u201d and college was designed to provide \u201cspecial knowledge\u201d. Today elementary and high school education are focusing on develop foundation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) and college is designed to provide \u201ccareer-oriented\u201d skills. The trend is also moving toward the standardization of education system across all countries. With globalization, geographical and national boundaries do not matter anymore. With \u201cDigital literacy\u201d, education materials will be available on line and presented in multi-media (Pictures, videos, short films) instead of lectures, where students can access to them from anywhere and at anytime. For example, Khan\u2019s academy is a multimedia education website with over twenty million students from all over the world accesses it on a daily basis. If you do not do well in high school or do not have a good foundation and want to catch up in certain basic areas such as Math, Physics, Science etc. This is an excellent website to go to:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

There are several Massive Online Open Courses (MOOC) for college students such as Udacity, edX, and Coursera etc. with thousands courses in almost every topics, taught by top professors from world class universities where any student can enroll, learn without paying anything.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.udacity.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.edx.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

This new \u201cDigital Literate\u201d trend is disrupting traditional education system and soon will be adapted by many countries, especially developing countries where the education system is too slow to change. According to a news report, MOOC is very effective in educate the whole world and develop a new generation of \u201cDigital global citizen\u201d with hundred million people access and taken courses on a daily basic.<\/p>\n

However, some people begin to worry that by having an \u201cequal education for all\u201d, in the near future, students do not compete with their peers in the same country but they will have to compete with people from all over the world and having a better education in a particular country will no longer be an advantage. Many politicians begin to ask the question: \u201cWhy do we want to educate everybody? Why give away the best education to people who do not even pay?\u201d The debate is still going on but in the mean time, the main beneficiary is the software industry where companies like Google, Microsoft, and Facebook are considered hiring people who complete a number of courses from MOOC. A software industry manager said: \u201cWe need highly skilled workers, if current education system cannot develop enough skilled workers for us; we have to hire them from somewhere. It does not matter about degree anymore, there are so many degreed people without skills, what we need is skilled workers to grow our industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

That type of statement is raising fears among college and university administrations. Some schools begin to change and focus more on preparing students for a career in the global job market. Because students begin to select schools that are specializing in specific areas rather than a general knowledge, many universities are consolidated and focus on few areas that they can excel. For example, university that specializes in business will attract students who want to work in business area. University that focuses more on technology will attract students who want to work for the technology industry. To take advantage of this new trend, many universities are changing their training more on job market\u2019 s demand and build a close collaboration with industries instead of being independent as in the past.<\/p>\n

This has created a debate among academicians about the role of education. Many professors strongly protest the change as they believe education must be general not focuses on meeting industry\u2019s needs. A professor said: \u201cIf students want to find job, they should go to vocational schools, not university.\u201d However with a high number of unemployed college graduates, many students do not want to learn general knowledge anymore. In past few years, the numbers of student enrolled in \u201cGeneral\u201d state universities have declined steadily but the numbers of student enrolled in private universities have increased significantly. A student explains: \u201cEven private university is more expensive than state university but because of their specialization and well connected to the industry, most of their graduates always get good jobs when graduates from state universities are having difficulty in finding jobs. Private universities often have better training programs, better professors, and better relationships with industries. As students, we make decision based on our future opportunities, we may have to pay more but we get better job offers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Another advantage of private university is a majority of them are using \u201cActive learning\u201d method instead of traditional lecturing. Students are encouraged to contribute to learning process through participation in different activities. Students explore and discover certain knowledge through a set of scenario activities, or cases studies where they can get \u201creal life\u201d experience on solving problems. By understand roles, responsibilities during simulated role playing activities and class discussion the school can make the learning process more interactive and productive. In universities, role of professor is also changing from that of a \u201csource of knowledge\u201d authority to a facilitator for students in \u201clearning by doing\u201d environment.\u00a0By having these needed skills, private school graduates are often get better offered than state schools.<\/p>\n

Today technology has brought a new revolution to the field of education. The success story of MOOC is a significant example of educate people from all over the world. Everyone from professionals to housewives can continue to learn whatever they like through the schools\u2019 websites. I have talk to several professors who taught in MOOC and they told me that they are excited to educate students from Africa, South East Asia, and Pacific islands. However, the highest number of students enrolled is from India and China with hundred million students attending class on daily basis. The advantage of this online education is it has so many various topics that people can access and learn anything, anytime of their own convenience.<\/p>\n

Today, the entire education system is changing and changing very fast. However, I believe that traditional methods of teaching and learning are still important. Every student must learn the fundamental to build a strong foundation then with the integration of technology, they can access and learn new things as lifelong learning is necessary in this time and age. We need to adopt change as it happens, because this is the only way to remain connected to the world of knowledge, but we also need to preserve our own tradition and culture. There are many things that online education cannot teach and students can only learn in a classroom environment with real teachers such as loyalty, respect, filial, and ethics. I believe there is a place for traditional education and a place for massive on line education and it is important to understand both the advantages and disadvantages to make the right decision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,28,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-loi-khuyen-cho-phu-huynh","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=112"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112\/revisions\/629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}