{"id":1096,"date":"2013-07-01T14:26:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T07:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1096"},"modified":"2013-07-01T14:26:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T07:26:30","slug":"phai-nu-trong-stem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1096","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1i n\u1eef trong STEM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Theo v\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, v\u1eady m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM v\u1eabn \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i. C\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n STEM \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gay go h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u00e1i n\u1eef r\u1ea5t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n. Con s\u1ed1 n\u1eef \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 15% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p STEM. C\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc STEM. Theo v\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, n\u1eef c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p STEM ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 53% nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eef c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng-STEM. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $98,000 USD m\u1ed9t n\u0103m khi so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1eef c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $52,000 USD v\u00e0 n\u1eef v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c $42,000 USD.<\/p>\n

Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2010 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 48% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 24% s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n STEM v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 n\u1eef trong STEM \u00edt h\u01a1n 8%; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf hay y t\u00e1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong n\u0103m nay, cho d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 n\u1eef \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m STEM, s\u1ed1 n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 3.5% c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1eef.\u00a0Trong c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 34% v\u00e0 trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 15%. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ed1 n\u1eef h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn 34% s\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef; to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn 15% v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ec5, cho n\u00ean l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi logic.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n khoa h\u1ecdc hay to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti qua internet. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p n\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian linh ho\u1ea1t v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c (b\u00e1c s\u0129 ng\u00e0nh y, d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129, nha s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.)<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t cho n\u1eef. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang cho \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 n\u1eefa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

L\u00ed thuy\u1ebft logic nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i nghe n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7.\u00a0 N\u1eef v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn “l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng” thay v\u00ec phi\u00eau l\u01b0u v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebf s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 tr\u00ean Internet, websites, blogs, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v.v. \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y; v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o hay sinh vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc STEM \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y trong khoa v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u1eef n\u00e0y. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua “th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n ho\u00e1” r\u1eb1ng n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u1ecdc STEM hay h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u00e0m n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p STEM b\u1edfi gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n quanh h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Women in STEM<\/p>\n

Today Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) skills are crucial to a country\u2019s economic development and global competitiveness. According to several studies, there are more jobs in STEM areas than any others, yet the numbers of student studying in STEM areas is still much less than expected. There is a shortage of STEM workers in every country and this is becoming more critical each year.<\/p>\n

Today women are very active in pursuing higher education. The number of women enrolling in college has been increasing in the past ten years but only 15% of them are pursuing STEM degrees. There is need to encourage more women to study STEM. According to several reports, women with STEM degrees earned 53% more than women in non-STEM degrees. For example, A woman with a bachelor degree in Computer Science make $98,000 USD a year as compare with a woman with a bachelor degree in Business Administration that make $52,000 USD and a woman with a degree in Education who make $42,000 USD.<\/p>\n

According to the U.S Government 2010 report, women comprise 48% of the workforce but only 24% of them are STEM workers and that is still the highest among developed countries. In other countries, the number of women in STEM is less than 8%; most of them are in medical or nursing fields. This phenomenon has remained fairly constant over the year, even the number of women enroll in college has increased.<\/p>\n

Among STEM jobs, the number of women working in Technology and Engineering are lowest although this is the fastest growing area, has the highest salary and has the most flexible working environment but only 3.5% of engineers are women.\u00a0 In Medical and Life sciences jobs, women made up 34% and in Math, women occupy 15%. Since many high-paying jobs and the best opportunity are in the Technology and Engineering, the question is why women do not to study these areas?<\/p>\n

The common theory is Technology and Engineering fields are difficult. I do not agree with this because the number of women studying Science such as Medicine and Pharmacy attracted 34% of women; Math also attracted 15% and these areas are not easy fields, so the theory that Technology and Engineering are difficult is not a logical answer.<\/p>\n

Another theory is Technology and Engineering require a lot of works and not a family-oriented field as many engineers often work long hours and do not have time for the family. I do not agree with this theory either. I do not think Technology requires more works than Science or Math. Today many Technology and Engineering people work at home and connect to the company via the internet. This allows women more flexible time with family rather than other fields (Medical doctors, Pharmacists, Dentists, and Scientists cannot work from home.)<\/p>\n

Another answer is Technology and Engineering fields are not good for women. I do not know who could come up with an answer like this. There is no such thing as jobs for men or jobs for women. This must come from a sentiment of the past. We are living in the 21st<\/sup> century and not in the stone-age anymore. There is nothing that men can do and women cannot do.<\/p>\n

The most logical theory that I heard is there are not enough information about the Technology and Engineering careers.\u00a0 Women who enter university often do not have enough information about these wonderful careers so many select \u201ctraditional fields\u201d rather than venture into something new. Today with so many information available on the Internet, websites, blogs, social networks etc. it should change that. Many high school students do not realize that college education is a necessary to have a stable career in this fast changing world; and study in a STEM area is the best choice possible. This is particularly important for students who come from poor family or students who would be the first in their family to go to college.<\/p>\n

To encourage more women to study STEM it is important to have the involvement of faculty and school counselors who provide information, guidance, and mentor these women. Students need to overcome the \u201ccultural bias\u201d that women should not study STEM or discouraged them to pursue a STEM careers by their family or relatives around them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM) l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1096"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1097,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1096\/revisions\/1097"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1096"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1096"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1096"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}