{"id":1084,"date":"2013-07-01T14:06:16","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T07:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1084"},"modified":"2013-07-01T14:06:16","modified_gmt":"2013-07-01T07:06:16","slug":"xu-huong-trong-cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=1084","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2011 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129:\u00a0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129. \u0110\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 28% ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn do c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee9c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Sinh vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa $87,000 t\u1edbi $125,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u (Stanford, MIT, Carnegie Mellon, v\u00e0 Berkeley) th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba t\u1edbi s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb kinh doanh, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong n\u0103m 2009 v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Stanford b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi studio \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc (h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc). Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Carnegie Mellon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n (h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 robotics, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 na n\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc). Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh “li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh-ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p” v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec duy tr\u00ec thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn sang bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 na n\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. (Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u1edf M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho l\u1edbp 10.) Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y t\u1ebf, d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cho xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 trong t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong khu v\u1ef1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i. Ng\u00e0y nay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p (BI) c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o chi ti\u1ebft trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat thay v\u00ec v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ti, thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2u t\u00f3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – l\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111\u00eam \u1edf M\u0129. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0o s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1edf M\u0129 khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 xa hoa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c giao t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi l\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng ti qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u00fang t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. Quan li\u00eau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sa s\u00fat ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac v\u00e0 b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft ra. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u00e1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 thu nh\u1eadp, chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf v.v.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay sinh vi\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c CNTT \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00fang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 khai ph\u00e1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd hay chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p (BI) v\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i theo d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. H\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ee9c tranh doanh nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o doanh nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP) gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trend in Information technology<\/p>\n

According to a U.S. government 2011 report:\u00a0 Information Technology fields (Computer Science, Software Engineering and Information System Management) have become the most popular fields of study at U.S. Universities. The enrollment is increasing more than 28% mostly due to the better opportunities in a tight job market.<\/p>\n

Unlike other fields, graduates in these fields can command high-paying jobs with just an undergraduate degree. The average student with a bachelor degree can earn between $87,000 to $125,000 a year. Graduates from the top schools (Stanford, MIT, Carnegie Mellon, and Berkeley) often receive three to six job offers before they graduate. The report found that in the past ten years, Business Administration, Banking and Finance were the most favorite among students but it changed quickly in 2009 and now dropping fast with fewer enrollment as there are lesser jobs available.<\/p>\n

However there is a new trend among top technology schools. Many are redesigning their training programs to meet new industry demands. For example, Stanford\u2019s computer program is now linked into studio art graphics and biology (Support games and biotechnology industry). Carnegie Mellon\u2019s program is integrated with engineering and computation biology (Support robotics, nanotechnology and biotechnology industry). These top schools are focusing on making their technical programs \u201cinterdisciplinary\u201d with other fields to prepare for the new technology industry. Rather than stay purely in traditional computing (Hardware and software) these new programs are redesigned to meet future demand as industry is moving toward the next frontier of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology.<\/p>\n

Unlike other changes in the past, the development of these new technologies are happening at much faster pace and there is a constant demand for new training programs as well as new demand for graduates with the latest skills. In the next few years, students will not go to college to learn computer programming or system design because these skills are now taught in high school. (Most high schools in the U.S already teach computer programming in 10th<\/sup> grade). College students will be taught mostly on how to apply technology to solve problems in areas such as Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Manufacturing, and Business. They will learn about the interaction of several fields to prepare for the next trend in industry. Many future jobs will be in the integration of multiple areas to advance the technology to the next level.\u201d<\/p>\n

For example, one of the interdisciplinary programs is the Information System Management (ISM) where students learn how to apply information technology to solve problem in the business area by enabling speedy analyses of business data to create valuable information for managers to make decision.<\/p>\n

Businesses managers need information to identify and solving problems so they can manage all aspects of company operations effectively. Before the existing of computer, these tasks were mainly based on observation and prepare report by hand which take longer time and full of errors. Today by applying information system and software such as Business Intelligence (BI) the company can collect and generate detailed reports in matter of minutes instead of weeks.<\/p>\n

Today information systems can process company data, collect business transactions, analyzes them and generates meaningful information into reports. In global companies, these computers and telecommunication systems always collect and process data from all over the world. For example, data is captured on business transactions taking place in Asia which is a night in the U.S. These data are analyzed and created reports available next morning for managers in the U.S. when they arrive in their offices. In a highly competitive world, decision must be made quickly or the opportunity may be lost. The application of information technology in the business world is no longer a luxury but a necessity.<\/p>\n

In the past, everything is collected manually. Transactions had to be entered, processed and reports prepared by people in the field so it usually took several weeks to generate a report. Many reports were full of errors and sometime modified as they moved upward in company throught several levels of management. By the time they reached the top or company owners, they might not have the correct information that they needed to make the right decision. This bureaucracy was a major downfall of many large companies as they did not make decision on time and missed the opportunity.<\/p>\n

Information systems process data as directed by software programs written by software developers. Such software can tell the computer to analyze data in many ways and produce different kinds of reports. Different functional managers can get the data analyzed in different ways to suit their requirements and get reports that meet their objectives. For example, manufacturing managers will receive report on productivity, issues and operation. Sale and marketing managers will receive report on sales, market trends, advertising and competitor\u2019s data. Finance managers will receive report on revenues, costs, profits and tax etc.<\/p>\n

Today Information System Management students are trained to understand how information technology can be applied in business. They learn to build IT strategy to support business goals, they learn how to analyze business requirements and collect data. They learn how to place them into databases and structure them in ways that can generate different kinds of reports to meet varying requirements. They learn how to generate reports in certain pre-designed formats as demanded by the users. They are taught on how data warehouses and data mining make it possible to do varied types of analyses and generate reports to answer specific queries. They learn that certain analysis methods can also be used to detect unexpected patterns or forecast direction for business operation. They learn about decision support system such as Business Intelligence (BI) and Executive Dashboard that summarize internal and external data in easily understood graphic formats. They organize data to present a total overall business picture and allow top managers to go deeper and look at underlying specifics to understand emerging market trends.<\/p>\n

By integrate and apply information technology into business, technology can transform the management of information into Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems that help manager make decision quickly, efficiency and effective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2011 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129:\u00a0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1084"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1086,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions\/1086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}